Nanocapsules of Sterculia striata acetylated polysaccharide as a potential monomeric amphotericin B delivery matrix

Abstract

Stable oil nanocapsules based on acetylated Sterculia striata polysaccharide (ASSP) were produced without the use of a surfactant, and derivatives of ASSP with four different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesised. The data revealed that only derivatives with high DS were able to produce nanocapsules (NC), which exhibited monomodal size distribution profiles with a Z-average particle size,-potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) that were dependent on ASSP DS and concentration. Nanocapsules were loaded with amphotericin B (AMB) with encapsulation efficiencies (EE%) thatwere dependent on drug and ASSP concentrations and DS. A maximum EE% value of 99.2%was achieved, and the loaded AMBwas found to be in amonomeric form, evenwith a concentration one hundredfold higher than that usually observed for commercial AMB aqueous solutions. Loaded nanocapsules show an in vitro controlled release of AMB. As the monomeric AMB state decreased drug toxicity, ASSP nanocapsules loaded with AMB (NC1.68) have potential for use as a drug delivery system. AMB loaded NC 1.68 keeps its activity against 5 strains of Candida albicans tested.

Lipid Systems for the Delivery of Amphotericin B in Antifungal Therapy

“…In the field of polysaccharide-based oil-core nanocapsules (NCs) and their eventual use in AmB encapsulation, Sombra et al developed spherical NCs based on acetylated Sterculia striata polysaccharide (ASSP) [213]. This exudate polysaccharide is analogous to the commercial polysaccharide Karaya gum, and it has been already employed in the production of NPs through complexation with chitosan intended to deliver chloroquine drug [246].…”

“…This exudate polysaccharide is analogous to the commercial polysaccharide Karaya gum, and it has been already employed in the production of NPs through complexation with chitosan intended to deliver chloroquine drug [246]. Sombra et al carried out a hydrophobic modification of SSP, employing its derivatives in the formation of stable NCs without the use of any surfactant [213]. The degree of substitution (DS) and the concentration of ASSP in the organic phase influenced particle size, polydispersity index and zeta-potential values, drug loading, and EE of NCs.…”

“…AmB loaded NCs exhibited a sustained release of the drug up to 212 h, confirming its high potential as an AmB drug delivery platform. The strong interaction of the drug with the ASSP matrix hampers the exit of AmB to the medium, probably causing the slow release and the 99.2% of EE [213].…”

Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Using Extracellular Vesicles

“…The synthetic DDSs, such as NPs [ 136 , 137 , 138 ], liposomes [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ], dendrimers [ 143 , 144 , 145 ], micelles [ 146 , 147 , 148 ], nanocapsules [ 149 , 150 , 151 ], nanosponges [ 152 , 153 ], peptide-based nanoparticles [ 154 ], etc., have good drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL) capacity, flexibility in functionalization, easy/robust production, and theragnostic functions. However, conjugation of a PEG polymer, peptide, antibody, etc.…”

Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review

“…This includes the use of polyglycerol‐6‐distearate to retain AmB in its monomeric form, similar to polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles [24]. Polysaccharides of gum Sterculia striata have also been reported as encapsulants for AmB, with the resultant nanoformulation showing promising results against various strains of C. albicans [25]. Microemulsions of AmB have lower toxicity, an aspect still requiring in‐depth study [26].…”