NanoCapillary Network Proton Conducting Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells

Pintauro, Peter N.; Mather, Patrick T.; Ho, Donna; Kleen, Gregory; Podolski, W.F.

doi:10.2172/1233722

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…-corrugating the membrane in order to increase the catalyst layer efficiency [Grot, 2011], -patterning the membrane surface, for diminishing the membrane instability in presence of water or polar solvents [Mittelsteadt, 2011], -creating new polymers and composites [Meyer et al, 2006;Pintauro, 2011;Herring, 2011;Hamrock, 2011] in order to diminishing the membrane instability in presence of water or polar solvents [Kusoglu et al, 2009] and operating at higher temperatures (120 °C) and lower RH% (25 RH%).…”

Section: Trends In Membrane Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Taner¹

2018

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Section: Trends In Membrane Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Taner¹

2018

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“…Such membranes were prepared at Vanderbilt University by a newly developed dual nanofiber electrospinning technique to produce a mat containing PFSA and PPSU [41,42]. Membranes were made where: (i) PFSA nanofibers were surrounded by a PPSU matrix by a treatment where exposure of the dual-fiber mat to solvent vapors causes the PPSU to flow; (ii) PPSU nanofibers were surrounded by PFSA ionomer by annealing, causing the PFSA to flow forming a structure in which the PFSA fills the voids in a 3D network of high-strength, high-stability nanofibers.…”

Section: Technical Approach and Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The High Temperature Membrane Working Group (HTMWG) was established between industry, academia and national lab partners [ 16 ] to discuss experimental and computational results for projects focused on developing membranes for high temperatures PEMFCs. To address the challenges to developing improved membranes the DOE has funded a number of projects focusing on high-temperature membrane R&D as part of the HTMWG [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] and prior to forming the HTMWG [ 30 ]. Several different strategies have been investigated.…”

Section: Technical Approach and Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One strategy was to control polymer chemistry to increase the local concentration of proton conducting groups while maintaining mechanical properties, and to allow for stable operation at low RH [ 18 , 20 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 ]. Another strategy was to employ anhydrous proton conductors to provide a water-independent proton conducting mechanism [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 ]. Also, separation of the ion conducting function from the structural support function was pursued through the development of composite membranes [ 19 , 21 , 23 ].…”

Section: Technical Approach and Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another strategy was to employ anhydrous proton conductors to provide a water-independent proton conducting mechanism [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 ]. Also, separation of the ion conducting function from the structural support function was pursued through the development of composite membranes [ 19 , 21 , 23 ]. Many of the projects highlighted have elements of more than one strategy, so the strategies should not be taken as mutually exclusive avenues of development.…”

Section: Technical Approach and Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

U.S. DOE Progress Towards Developing Low-Cost, High Performance, Durable Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

Houchins

Kleen²,

Spendelow

et al. 2012

Membranes

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Low cost, durable, and selective membranes with high ionic conductivity are a priority need for wide-spread adoption of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Electrolyte membranes are a major cost component of PEMFC stacks at low production volumes. PEMFC membranes also impose limitations on fuel cell system operating conditions that add system complexity and cost. Reactant gas and fuel permeation through the membrane leads to decreased fuel cell performance, loss of efficiency, and reduced durability in both PEMFCs and DMFCs. To address these challenges, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Program, in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, supports research and development aimed at improving ion exchange membranes for fuel cells. For PEMFCs, efforts are primarily focused on developing materials for higher temperature operation (up to 120 °C) in automotive applications. For DMFCs, efforts are focused on developing membranes with reduced methanol permeability. In this paper, the recently revised DOE membrane targets, strategies, and highlights of DOE-funded projects to develop new, inexpensive membranes that have good performance in hot and dry conditions (PEMFC) and that reduce methanol crossover (DMFC) will be discussed.

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Advanced Hydrogen-Bromine Flow Batteries with Improved Efficiency, Durability and Cost

Lin

Chong

Yarlagadda

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The hydrogen/bromine flow battery is a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage due to fast kinetics, highly reversible reactions and low chemical costs. However, today's conventional hydrogen/bromine flow batteries use membrane materials (such as Nafion), platinum catalysts, and carbon-paper electrode materials that are expensive. In addition, platinum catalysts can be poisoned and corroded when exposed to HBr and Br 2, compromising system lifetime. To reduce the cost and increase the durability of H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries, new materials are developed. The new Nafion/ polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun composite membranes have high perm-selectivity at a fraction of the cost of Nafion membranes; the new nitrogen-functionalized platinum-iridium catalyst possesses excellent activity and durability in HBr/Br 2 environment; and the new carbon-nanotube-based Br 2 electrodes can achieve equal or better performance with less materials when compared to baseline electrode materials. Preliminary cost analysis shows that the new materials reduce H 2 /Br 2 flow-battery energy-storage system stack and system costs significantly. The resulting advanced H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries offer high power, high efficiency, substantially increased durability, and expected reduced cost. The active reactant material, hydrobromic acid (HBr) is also used as the supporting electrolyte. If the energy-storage system is commissioned in the discharged state, which is the most common case, HBr is the only chemical that is required. During charge, hydrobromic acid is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen and bromine, which are stored in separate tanks. Bromine has a moderate solubility in water which can be greatly enhanced by the presence of Br − via complexation to form Br 3 − or Br 5 − . 8,9 The gas phase H 2 electrode also simplifies the separation and recovery of crossover catholyte, which can be returned back to the catholyte tank.The H 2 /Br 2 flow battery technology has been under investigation since the 1960s. Brief literature reviews can be found in recent publications by Cho et al., 4 Kreutzer et al. 5 and Tolmachev. 6 H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries share the same cell architecture as proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Therefore, H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries are also referred to as regenerative or reversible H 2 /Br 2 fuel cells. Similar to PEMFCs, * Electrochemical Society Active Member. * * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * * Electrochemical Society Fellow.z E-mail: gygylin@gmail.com membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) are the most crucial components in the H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries. In today's state-of-the-art H 2 /Br 2 flow batteries, MEAs are commonly made of commercial perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes such as Nafion, platinum catalysts, and plain carbon papers. The PFSA membrane in a H 2 /Br 2 flow battery is used to physically separate the positive and negative electrodes, and prevent mixing of hydrogen and bromine/bromides while allowing proton transport between the electrodes. The membrane resistance has ...

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NanoCapillary Network Proton Conducting Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

U.S. DOE Progress Towards Developing Low-Cost, High Performance, Durable Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

Advanced Hydrogen-Bromine Flow Batteries with Improved Efficiency, Durability and Cost

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