“…Shortly after the Nvidia CUDA technology had been introduced in 2007, hybrid MD algorithms appeared and showed their promising performance. Nowadays, GPU-accelerated hardware provides the most efficient and affordable way of doing MD studies (Kutzner et al, 2015, 2019; Stegailov et al, 2019a) and makes various applied MD studies feasible (Antropov, 2020; Antropov and Stegailov, 2020; Kondratyuk et al, 2016, 2020; Kondratyuk and Orekhov, 2020; Kondratyuk and Pisarev, 2019; Pisarev and Kondratyuk, 2019; Smirnov and Stegailov, 2019).…”