Nanobodies and Their Potential Applications

Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh, Gholamreza; Devoogdt, Nick; Pauw, Pieter De; Vincke, Cécile; Muyldermans, Serge

doi:10.2217/nnm.13.86

Cited by 265 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This means that only one immunisation is necessary for a potentially endless source of nanobodies, producing a binder that is more reliable when compared to polyclonal antibody production techniques, as well providing the potential for lower cost [16]. These benefits have enabled the development of novel [17][18][19][20], as well as showing early promise in the field of diagnostics [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and optimisation of nanobody based electrochemical immunosensors for IgG

Goode

Dillon

Millner

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Article:Goode, J orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-1291, Dillon, G and Millner, PA orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-4302 (2016 ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. This has led to the development of alternative immuno-reagents such as non-antibody binding proteins (NABPs). These are low molecular weight proteins which largely avoid the aforementioned advantages of antibodies. They are commonly produced by bacteria enabling the use of DNA technology to manipulate bioreceptors at the molecular level.Single chain VHHs (commonly known as nanobodies) are an antibody derived NABP adapted from camelid heavy chain antibodies which are the isolated binding domain. Whilst nanobodies have been used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, they have limited demonstration in biosensors.In this study, both antibodies and nanobodies were used to construct a biosensor. In addition nanobody performance was optimised by introducing a novel peptide spacer. The role of nanobody orientation and spacing was thus investigated and spacer length was optimised, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of the biosensor. Highlights: Nanobodies have been used on impedimetric immunosensors to detect rabbit IgG  Unmodified nanobody sensors displayed a decrease in resistance upon analyte recognition.  Nanobodies were modified with a peptide spacer, effectively reversing this phenomena.  The use of a spacer also increased the sensitivity of the immunosensor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and optimisation of nanobody based electrochemical immunosensors for IgG

Goode

Dillon

Millner

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…To explore the mutual relationship of fascin and L-plastin, we used extensively characterized bundlinginhibiting nanobodies (14, 27, 29 -31). Nanobodies represent the smallest antigen binding fragments in nature (32) and have emerged as unique tools in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics due to their size (15 kDa), stability, and specificity (33). Moreover, they have the capacity to modulate intracellular protein function without affecting expression levels (14, 27, 29 -31, 34, 35) and have proven to be powerful in in vivo models (36 -38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fascin Rigidity and L-plastin Flexibility Cooperate in Cancer Cell Invadopodia and Filopodia

Audenhove¹,

Denert²,

Boucherie³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Invadopodia and filopodia are dynamic, actin-based protrusions contributing to cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The force of actin bundles is essential for their protrusive activity. The bundling protein fascin is known to play a role in both invadopodia and filopodia. As it is more and more acknowledged that functionally related proteins cooperate, it is unlikely that only fascin bundles actin in these protrusions. Another interesting candidate is L-plastin, normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, but considered a common marker of many cancer types. We identified L-plastin as a new component of invadopodia, where it contributes to degradation and invasiveness. By means of specific, high-affinity nanobodies inhibiting bundling of fascin or L-plastin, we further unraveled their cooperative mode of action. We show that the bundlers cannot compensate for each other due to strikingly different bundling characteristics: L-plastin bundles are much thinner and less tightly packed. Composite bundles adopt an intermediate phenotype, with fascin delivering the rigidity and strength for protrusive force and structural stability, whereas L-plastin accounts for the flexibility needed for elongation. Consistent with this, elevated L-plastin expression promotes elongation and reduces protrusion density in cells with relatively lower L-plastin than fascin levels.Filopodia are finger-like protrusions coordinating movement at the cell front by "sensing" extracellular stimuli (1). Invadopodia on the other hand are formed at the ventral cell side, enabling matrix degradation by localized proteolysis (2). As both actin-based protrusions contribute to migration and invasion, they are associated with cancer metastasis (3, 4), which has also been shown in vivo (5, 6).The architecture and dynamics of filopodia and invadopodia are controlled by a broad variety of actin-binding proteins (7,8). Moreover, these regulating proteins show highly similar spatial and temporal distributions in filopodia and invadopodia (9).

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“…[509] Surprisingly, only the N-terminal variable domain of the heavy chain of HCAbs (VHH) is responsible for the specific binding to the targets. [510] The Belgian company Ablynx coined the term "nanobodies" with respect to the nanometer size range of these naturally derived antigen-binding fragments, which are also termed as single domain antibodies. [511] Nanobodies, demonstrate essential characteristics such as high specificity and affinity, [504] high solubility, stability in aqueous solutions, [512] high thermal and chemical resistance, [513] capability to be chemically modified, ease of cloning, and ease of gene manipulation [496b] which relieves some restrictions related to conventional antibodies.…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Mosayebi

Kiyasatfar

Laurent

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

187

171

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In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non‐invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state‐of‐the‐art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half‐life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio–nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi‐modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.

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Nanobodies and Their Potential Applications

Cited by 265 publications

References 87 publications

The development and optimisation of nanobody based electrochemical immunosensors for IgG

The development and optimisation of nanobody based electrochemical immunosensors for IgG

Fascin Rigidity and L-plastin Flexibility Cooperate in Cancer Cell Invadopodia and Filopodia

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

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