Nanobiotechnology with S-Layer Proteins as Building Blocks

Sleytr, Uwe B.; Schuster, Bernhard; Egelseer, Eva M.; Pum, Dietmar; Horejs, Christine-Maria; Tscheließnig, Rupert; Ilk, Nicola

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00003-0

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 291 publications

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“…The S-layer type cannot be clearly classified from the available data, but in Gram-positive bacteria and in certain archaea, the S-layer is non-covalently bound to cell wall components such as peptidoglycan, secondary cell wall polymers or pseudomurein. In most archaea, the S-layers exhibit pillar-like structures on the inner surface, which are involved in anchoring the arrays in the underlying cytoplasmic membrane 37,38 . Therefore, the cell envelope of the ultra-small ARTICLE bacteria studied here (thick cytoplasmic membrane, S-layer with a hexagonal symmetry and connectors) is inferred to have mixed character, sharing aspects of both Gram-positive bacteria and archaea cell envelopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

et al. 2015

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Bacteria from phyla lacking cultivated representatives are widespread in natural systems and some have very small genomes. Here we test the hypothesis that these cells are small and thus might be enriched by filtration for coupled genomic and ultrastructural characterization. Metagenomic analysis of groundwater that passed through a B0.2-mm filter reveals a wide diversity of bacteria from the WWE3, OP11 and OD1 candidate phyla. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that, despite morphological variation, cells consistently have small cell size (0.009 ± 0.002 mm 3 ). Ultrastructural features potentially related to cell and genome size minimization include tightly packed spirals inferred to be DNA, few densely packed ribosomes and a variety of pili-like structures that might enable inter-organism interactions that compensate for biosynthetic capacities inferred to be missing from genomic data. The results suggest that extremely small cell size is associated with these relatively common, yet little known organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

et al. 2015

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“…These crystalline arrays are commonly referred to as surface layers, or S-layers, and have to be considered as one of the most abundant prokaryotic cellular proteins [1,7,8]. S-layers are generally composed of a single molecular species, protein or glycoprotein in nature ( M r 40 to 200 kDa), which are endowed with the ability to self-assemble by an entropy-driven process into two-dimensional arrays, both in the presence and absence of surfaces suitable for adhesion [3,7–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Layer Protein Self-Assembly

Pum

Toca-Herrera

Sleytr

2013

IJMS

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107

102

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Crystalline S(urface)-layers are the most commonly observed cell surface structures in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria and archaea). S-layers are highly porous protein meshworks with unit cell sizes in the range of 3 to 30 nm, and thicknesses of ~10 nm. One of the key features of S-layer proteins is their intrinsic capability to form self-assembled mono- or double layers in solution, and at interfaces. Basic research on S-layer proteins laid foundation to make use of the unique self-assembly properties of native and, in particular, genetically functionalized S-layer protein lattices, in a broad range of applications in the life and non-life sciences. This contribution briefly summarizes the knowledge about structure, genetics, chemistry, morphogenesis, and function of S-layer proteins and pays particular attention to the self-assembly in solution, and at differently functionalized solid supports.

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“…These S-layer proteins belong to a broad class of bacterial surface proteins found at the outermost cell wall component and perform a variety of important functions, including molecular sieving and the regulation of cell-surface interactions. [ 13 ] S-layers are supramolecular cell envelope structures with subunit ranging from 3 to 30 nm in size and approximately of 10 nm in thickness. [ 14 ] The key feature of S-layer proteins is their intrinsic ability to form stable monolayers on a variety of surfaces by means of self-assembly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Crystalline Protein Nanolayers as Multi‐Functional Biointerface for Patterned Co‐Cultures of Adherent and Non‐Adherent Cells in Microfluidic Devices

Rothbauer

Ertl

Theiler

et al. 2014

Adv Materials Inter

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The spatial arrangement of cells in their microenvironment is known to significantly influence cellular behavior, thus making the control of cellular organization an important parameter of in vitro co‐culture models. However, recent advances in micropatterning co‐culture methods within biochips do not address the simultaneous cultivation of anchorage‐dependent and non‐adherent cells. To address this methodological gap we combine S‐layer technology with microfluidics to pattern co‐cultures to study the cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐surface interactions under physiologically relevant conditions. We exploit the unique self‐assembly properties of SbpA and SbsB S‐layers to create an anisotropic protein nanobiointerface on‐chip with spatially‐defined cytophilic (adhesive) and cytophobic (repulsive) properties. While microfluidics control physical parameters such as shear force and flow velocities, our anisotropic protein nanobiointerface regulates the biological aspects of the co‐culture method including biocompatibility, biostability, and affinity to non‐adherent cells. The reliability and reproducibility of our microfluidic co‐culture strategy based on laminar flow patterned protein nanolayers is envisioned to advance in vitro models for biomedical research.

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Nanobiotechnology with S-Layer Proteins as Building Blocks

Cited by 54 publications

References 291 publications

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater

S-Layer Protein Self-Assembly

Anisotropic Crystalline Protein Nanolayers as Multi‐Functional Biointerface for Patterned Co‐Cultures of Adherent and Non‐Adherent Cells in Microfluidic Devices

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