Nanobiohybrid Material‐Based Bioelectronic Devices

Abstract

Biomolecules, especially proteins and nucleic acids, have been widely studied to develop biochips for various applications in scientific fields ranging from bioelectronics to stem cell research. However, restrictions exist due to the inherent characteristics of biomolecules, such as instability and the constraint of granting the functionality to the biochip. Introduction of functional nanomaterials, recently being researched and developed, to biomolecules have been widely researched to develop the nanobiohybrid materials because such materials have the potential to enhance and extend the function of biomolecules on a biochip. The potential for applying nanobiohybrid materials is especially high in the field of bioelectronics. Research in bioelectronics is aimed at realizing electronic functions using the inherent properties of biomolecules. To achieve this, various biomolecules possessing unique properties have been combined with novel nanomaterials to develop bioelectronic devices such as highly sensitive electrochemical-based bioelectronic sensing platforms, logic gates, and biocomputing systems. In this review, recently reported bioelectronic devices based on nanobiohybrid materials are discussed. The authors believe that this review will suggest innovative and creative directions to develop the next generation of multifunctional bioelectronic devices.

Preparation of Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials Based on Living Cells of Microorganisms and Their Application in Nanotechnology

“…Biomaterial encapsulation hinders the rapid removal of microorganisms and often their inactivation. Inspired by the versatility and strength of such biomaterials, scientists have developed hybrid materials for application in various areas, from agriculture and (environmental) biotechnology [ 7 ], biomedicine, and electrical engineering [ 8 ] to food production, synthetic chemistry, and bioelectronics [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Exploiting Rhizobium for Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Heterologous Expression of an Escherichia coli DH10B Enzyme, YbdK [EC: 6.3.2.2] in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234

“…Also, their unique properties allows its traditional as well as novel application in a wide spectrum of Industries. 13 Genetically modified Escherichia coli strain coexpressing Metallothionine and Phytochelatin synthetase has been reported to produce 33 inorganic nanoparticles (20 single element and 13 multi-element), 14 which is way more than capacity of a synthetic reaction to produce that many inorganic nanoparticles in a single reaction. Additionally, the ease to genetically manipulate the microbes makes it a best candidate for production of nanoparticles in a way which consumes very less amount of energy thus contributing less in carbon foot print addition to our environment.…”

Photosystem I integrated into mesoporous microspheres has enhanced stability and photoactivity in biohybrid solar cells

“…Recombinant or purified proteins have been utilized in many applied areas of biotechnology including pharmaceutical use, industrial enzymatic applications, and more recently biohybrid devices [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. However, numerous issues must be overcome for successful integration of any biomaterial, including proteins, for biotechnological applications.…”

“…PSI generates the lowest reducing potential in biological electron transfer (−1.2 V vs. SHE) on photoexcitation, catalyzing an electron transfer across the reaction center from its lumenal to its stromal face [ 3 ]. PSI, in particular, has been of interest for the development of biohybrid technologies [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], particularly photovoltaic devices based on dye-sensitized solar cells [ 2 , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ], with current densities in PSI-based photovoltaic devices improving over 6 orders of magnitude over the last decade and continuing to rise [ 3 , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. After isolation and incorporation into biohybrid devices, PSI shows no significant loss in activity for over 90 days for cyanobacterial and at least 280 days for higher plant PSI [ 30 , 31 ].…”