Nanobarcoded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine: Quantitative studies of cell–nanoparticle interactions by scanning image cytometry

Abstract

Oligonucleotide-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are promising agents for nanomedicine, but the potential in vitro nanotoxicity that may arise from such conjugates has yet to be evaluated in a dose response manner. Since nanomedicine functions on the single-cell level, measurements of nanotoxicity should also be performed as such. In vitro single-cell nanotoxicity assays based on scanning image cytometry are used to study a specific type of oligo-functionalized NP, "nanobarcoded" superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (NB-SPIONs). The selected panel of single-cell assays measures wellknown modes of nanotoxicity-apoptosis, necrosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell number. Using these assays, the cytotoxicity of two sizes of NBSPIONs (10 nm and 30 nm core size) was compared to the parent NP, carboxylated SPIONs (COOH-SPIONs). The results suggest that the conjugated NB confers a biocompatible coating that protects against cytotoxicity at very high SPION doses, but both NB-and COOH-SPIONs of either size generally have low in vitro cytotoxicity at physiologically relevant doses. V C 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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