Nanobacteria-caused Mitral Valve Calciphylaxis in a Man with Diabetic Renal Failure

Jelić, Tomislav; Malas, Amer; Groves, Samuel S.; Jin, Bo; Mellen, Paul F.; Osborne, Garry; Roque, Rod; Rosencrance, James; Chang, Hong‐Chan

doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000077067.44311.f0

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the opinions on the existence of nanobacteria were conflicting, many studies have indicated that nano-sized organisms did exist (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). In this study, we successfully cultured nano-sized particles coated with hydroxyapatite from human gallbladder bile and confirmed that they were nanobacteria by their typical growth rates, optical properties, specific stainability with Hoechst 33258, and by immunologic methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It was shown recently that animals (25) and humans (11,12,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) could be infected with nanobacteria, which would not be checked out by the normal bacteria methods, and that nanobacteria could induce calcification and stone formation in vivo (6,8,10). These observations suggested that black pigment gallstones, which were regarded as nonbacterial, might be associated with nanobacterial infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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An Animal Model of Black Pigment Gallstones Caused by Nanobacteria

et al. 2006

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Black pigment gallstones are often founded in gallbladder, but their pathogenesis is unclear. The present study was undertaken to study the role of nanobacteria in pigment gallstone formation in Japanese white rabbits. Nanobacteria were successfully cultured from 3 of 7 cholecystolithiasis patients gallbladder (without acute cholecystitis) bile samples and affirmed by Hoechst 33258 staining and specific immunostaining using monoclonal antibody. Nanobacteria were injected into rabbits' gallbladder. After 2 weeks follow-up, the incidence of black pigment gallstones in rabbits was significantly greater in nanobacteria-injected group (8/10) than that in DMEM-injected group (2/10) and that in hydroxyapatite-injected group (2/10). This study indicates that nanobacteria exists in gallbladder bile of cholelithiasis patients and causes the formation of black pigment gallstones in rabbits. For the first time, we successfully established an animal model of black pigment gallstones caused by nanobacteria. This will be helpful in further delineating the pathogenesis of black pigment gallstones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Animal Model of Black Pigment Gallstones Caused by Nanobacteria

et al. 2006

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“…This study provides anatomic evidence that calcified human arterial and valvular tissue contain nanometer-sized particles that share characteristics of nanoparticles recovered from geological specimens, mammalian blood, and human kidney stones (1, 18 -21, 28, 35, 49) and were observed by transmission electron microscopy in a calcified human mitral valve (27). The anatomic and ultrastructural evidence of the existence of nanoparticles in calcified human tissue is supported and strengthened in the present study by immunohistochemical microscopy and in vitro culture of nanoparticles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of nanobacterial-like structures in calcified human arteries and cardiac valves

Miller¹,

Rodgers²,

Charlesworth³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

140

144

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Mechanisms mediating vascular calcification remain incompletely understood. Nanometer scale objects hypothesized to be a type of bacteria (nanobacteria) are associated with calcified geological specimens, human kidney stones, and psammona bodies in ovarian cancer. Experiments were designed to evaluate human vascular tissue for the presence of similar nanometer-scale objects. Calcified human aneurysms ( n = 8), carotid plaques ( n = 2), femoral arterial plaques ( n = 2), and cardiac valves ( n = 2) and noncalcified aneurysms from patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease ( n = 2) were collected as surgical waste from the Heart Hospital of Austin, Austin, Texas, and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Whole mounts or adjacent sections from each specimen were examined by electron microscopy, stained for calcium phosphate, or stained with a commercially available antibody (8D10). Filtered (0.2 μm) homogenates of aneurysms were cultured and costained with 8D10 antibody followed by PicoGreen to detect DNA or incubated with [3H]uridine. Staining for calcium phosphate was heterogeneously distributed within all calcified tissues. Immunological staining with 8D10 was also heterogeneously distributed in areas with and without calcium phosphate. Analysis of areas with positive immunostaining identified spheres ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm with a spectral pattern of calcium and phosphorus (high-energy dispersive spectroscopy). Nanosized particles cultured from calcified but not from noncalcified aneurysms were recognized by a DNA-specific dye and incorporated radiolabeled uridine, and, after decalcification, they appeared via electron microscopy to contain cell walls. Therefore, nanometer-scale particles similar to those described as nanobacteria isolated from geological specimens and human kidney stones can be visualized in and cultured from calcified human cardiovascular tissue.

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“…Their implication in diabetes is illustrated in a recent case that revealed large amounts of NB in the mitral valve of a 33-year-old diabetic patient [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%