Nanoarchitectonics with Two‐Dimensional Black Phosphorus and MnO₂ for Synergistic Photodynamic‐/Radiotherapy Against Cancer through Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Activity

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can kill cancer cells in tumor therapy. However, the anticancer efficacy of ROS is generally suppressed by the reductive press in tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, lysozyme (LZM) modified black phosphorous (BP) /manganese dioxide nanosheets (LZM@BP/MnO 2 NSs, LBM) as an effective and biocompatible nanodrug platform for synergistic photodynamic-/radio-therapy are prepared. The controllable preparation of negatively charged MnO 2 NSs is achieved through biomimetic mineralization strategy using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. To facilitate the loading of BP on MnO 2 , lysozyme is used to modify BP to obtain positively charged BP NSs. The as-obtained LBM possess higher biostability and exhibit superior ROS generation efficiency to BP, owing to the alleviation of reductive species (i.e., GSH) in TME by the oxidation of MnO 2 . Moreover, LBM can be easily decomposed in the tumor sites, leading to the good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The amplified intracellular ROS generation properties of LBM assisted combination of photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy ultimately boost the synergistic therapeutic efficacy against cancer.

Manganese Dioxide-Based Nanomaterials for Medical Applications

“…Most importantly, the ability of LBM to amplify intracellular ROS generation assisted with the combination of PDT and radiotherapy and ultimately increased the efficacy of synergistic cancer therapy. 74 Yu et al prepared TME-regulated SiO 2 @MnO 2 NPs (called SM NPs) to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy. In bilateral animal models, SM NPs increased the inhibitory effect of radiotherapy not only on the growth of primary tumors but also on the growth of distant untreated tumors.…”

“…In addition, LBM easily decomposed at the tumor site and exhibited high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, the ability of LBM to amplify intracellular ROS generation assisted with the combination of PDT and radiotherapy and ultimately increased the efficacy of synergistic cancer therapy …”

A Cascade Nanozyme with Amplified Sonodynamic Therapeutic Effects through Comodulation of Hypoxia and Immunosuppression against Cancer

“…Considering the underlying interaction between nanozymes and the TME, some strategies of using enzymes as a therapeutic agent to alleviate tumor hypoxia have been proposed to improve the therapeutic effect. , Nanozymes, as the next-generation artificial enzymes, possess higher stability and durability in harsh environments, which afford preferable opportunities for antitumor therapy. Currently, the design of cascade nanozyme systems that integrate multifunctional enzyme activities has been proposed for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammation, and wound healing. − Jiang’s group developed iridium oxide nanoparticles with multifunctional enzyme activity that broke the chaos of tumors by cascade reactions . Wang et al fabricated an organic framework-based nanozyme as a glucose-triggered cascade catalyst against bacterial wound infection .…”