Nanoarchitectonics of Hollow Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

Hollow covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained significant attention because of their specific properties, including enhanced surface-to-volume ratio, large surface area, hierarchical structure, highly ordered nanostructures, and excellent chemical stability. These intrinsic characteristics endow hollow COFs with fascinating physicochemical properties and make them highly attractive for widespread applications, such as catalysis, energy storage, drug delivery, therapy, sensing, and environmental remediation. This review focuses on the recent developments in the synthesis of hollow COFs and their derivatives. In addition, their practical applications in various fields are summarized. Finally, challenges and future opportunities in terms of their synthetic methodologies and practical applications are discussed. Hollow COFs are expected to play an important role in the future of materials science.

Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity

“…In addition, it has been shown that DESs possess the ability to undergo recycling and serve as a structural template for the synthesis of distinct COFs including layered pore topologies that are unattainable using conventional solvothermal methods. [120] Although there are some advantages associated with the use of these media, the viscosity of the media poses a substantial constraint on the successful synthesis of COF. Moreover, the utilisation of this synthesis methodology is presently restricted to certain COFs, hence limiting its overall applicability.…”

Functionalized covalent organic framework aerogels for highly efficient removal of anionic and cationic dyes

“…10–13 As another new class of popular porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received significant interest as adsorbents in environmental analysis, catalysis, and energy storage in recent years due to their ultra-high specific surface area, tunable pore size, abundant functional groups, and easy surface functionalization. 14–17 However, most COFs are produced in the powder form, which makes them difficult to separate and recover from water after adsorption. 18 In recent years, researchers have developed several methods to solve this problem.…”

Regulating Keto–Enol Tautomerism of β-Ketoenamine Covalent–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Amines

“…Covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), as a kind of porous crystalline frameworks, have received increasing attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their excellent visible light response ability, high porosity for substrate adsorption, extended π-conjugated structures for efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, and improved stability. – In addition, the diversity of construction units and a reversible covalent bond endow COFs with a designed crystalline ordered structure and tunable bandgap positions, which makes COFs very attractive photocatalysts. – Various COFs with conjugated structures and building units have been reported as efficient photocatalysts for organic oxidation, such as triazine-functionalized sp 2 -carbon COFs, , benzoxazole-linked COFs, and hydrazone-linked 2D porphyrinic COFs . Among various COFs, imine-based COFs formed by the condensation of aldehydes with amines have become the most widely investigated photocatalysts because of their easy formation, conjugated structure, and excellent visible light response .…”