Nano vanadium dioxide films deposited on biomedical titanium: a novel approach for simultaneously enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial effects

Abstract

Vanadium is a trace element in the human body, and vanadium compounds have a promising future in biological and medical applications due to their various biological activities and low toxicity. Herein, a novel pure vanadium dioxide (VO) nanofilm was deposited on a substrate of biomedical titanium by magnetron sputtering. The antibacterial effect of VO against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was validated in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the biocompatibility of VO and its osteogenic effects were systematically illustrated. A possible osteogenic mechanism involving the amelioration of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were investigated. According to the results of our present and previous studies, the simultaneous antibacterial and osteogenic effects of VO are attributed to its differential regulation of ROS levels in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and bacteria. This study is the first to report the simultaneous effects of VO on bactericidal and osteogenic activities through its differential modification of ROS activity in eukaryotic (rBMSCs) and prokaryotic (MRSA) cells. The findings in this work may yield a deeper understanding of the biological activities of vanadium compounds while also paving the way for the further investigation and application of VO in biological and medical materials.

Therapeutic Properties of Vanadium Complexes

“…Nano vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) deposited on biomedical titanium demonstrated osteogenic activity in rat mesenchymal stem cells by regulating ROS levels [82].…”

A review on nanosystems as an effective approach against infections of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>

“…107 It was reported that the anti-MRSA activity of vancomycin pH-responsive lipid nanoparticles was 1.8-fold higher than vancomycin in vivo. 108 In addition, some inorganic materials with good biologic activities and low toxicity (vanadium dioxide) 109 also showed satisfactory effects on S. aureus infections in vivo. For example, the silica nanoprobe coated with vancomycin and decorated with polyelectrolyte-cypate complexes can selectively enable rapid (4 hours postinjection) near infrared fluorescence imaging with high sensitivity (10 5 colony-forming units) and achieve efficient photothermal therapy of MRSA infections in mice.…”

One-step hydrothermal synthesis and thermochromic properties of chlorine-doped VO2(M) for smart window application

“…Vanadium dioxide with monoclinic structure, VO 2 (M), is the only material that possesses a reversible metal-to-semiconductor transition (MST) the nearest to the room temperature with the critical temperature at 68 ○ C. 6 The electrical and optical properties are also changing in accordance to this transformation. All this phenomenon is essential for the application of smart window, switching device, 7,8 thermal imaging, 9 hydrogen storage, 10,11 Lithium-ion batteries, 12 antioxidants, 13,14 and the combination composites of VO 2 (M) with other materials to be used as multifunctional materials. [15][16][17][18] Vanadium dioxide has been manufactured as nanoparticle as well as thin films using various chemical and physical methods.…”