Nano urea effects on Pleurotus ostreatus nutritional value depending on the dose and timing of application

Abstract

The work investigated the effect of Lithovit-Urea50 on the composition of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871) cultivated on spent oyster substrate mixed with wheat straw (1:1, w/w mixture). The product was applied in different doses (C1: 3 g kg−1 and C2: 5 g kg−1) at three distinct timings (t1: at spawning, t2: after first harvest, t3: at spawning and after first harvest). Protein and fiber contents increased respectively by 0.64 and 0.2% in C1t1 and by 0.46 and 0.8% in C2t2 compared to control (C0t0). Total carbohydrates increased by 0.48–3.76%. Sucrose and glucose contents decreased in the majority of treatments, while fructose increased in C2t1 (by 0.045%). Essential amino acids were the highest in C1t1, wherein respective improvement of 0.31, 0.10, 0.05, 0.21, 0.18, and 0.09% compared to C0t0. Similarly, C1t1 was superior in non-essential amino acids. Potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, and copper contents decreased in all treatments, with minor exceptions, zinc decreased in C1t1 and C2t1, while nickel and lead increased in all treatments. Conclusively, despite important ameliorations in the mushroom nutritional value, mostly in C1t1, the product should be further tested in lower doses (< 3 g kg−1) to counteract its effect on heavy metal bioaccumulation.

Combined effect of olive pruning residues and spent coffee grounds on Pleurotus ostreatus production, composition, and nutritional value

“…Thus, five mixtures were ready for spawning, which was performed at 5% w/w rate, using wheat grain spawn of P. ostreatus M 2175 strain, (Mycelia Company, Deinze, Belgium). Spawned substrates filled into polyethylene bags (60 cm length × 40 cm width) were incubated in a cropping chamber with controlled environment following the criteria presented by Sassine et al [24]. At the end of spawn run, colonized substrates were subjected to environmental triggers (lighting: 12 h day -1 of 200 LUX light source, reduction in room temperature to 16˚C, reduction of air CO 2 levels to < 900 mg L -1 ) to induce fruit formation.…”

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Occurrence in Two Wild Edible Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) Collected from Rajaji National Park

“…are mainly grown on lignocellulosic-rich materials or dead wood. These species are a great source of human protein, natural amino acids, and essential poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids [ 13 , 14 ]. Recently, it was acknowledged that P. ostreatus grown on agro-industrial residues such as olive pruning residues and spent coffee grounds had the potential to accumulate some desirable and undesirable metals.…”

“…However, the reported concentrations were within the same limits set by the European Commission (EC), World Health Organization (WHO), and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [ 15 ]. In the same vein, P. ostreatus , grown on spent mushroom substrate, supplemented with nano-amino additives outlined high Pb levels, (>0.3 mg/kg) exceeding limits set by the guidelines, which stipulate the need to reconsider consuming the produce regularly [ 14 ]. However, wild P. ostreatus mushrooms were acknowledged to enclose higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to cultivated ones.…”

Production of Food Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) Isolated from the Iraqi Environment Using Agricultural Waste

“…The main factor controlling the choice of substrate is the appropriate sources of both carbon and nitrogen, which can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of fruit bodies. The quality of the fruit bodies also depends on these substrates, especially the texture and flavor of the mushrooms [9]. Where the efficiency of mushroom production is closely related to the composition of the substrate used [8,10].…”