Nano Tin/Tin Oxide Attached onto Graphene Oxide Skeleton as a Fluorine Free Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Herein, we show a composite formation method of tin/tin oxide nanoparticles with graphene oxide and CMC based on laser ablation technique as an electrode material for energy storage devices. The material exhibited a three-dimensional conducting graphene oxide network decorated with tin or tin oxide nanoparticles. The structure, homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, and direct contact between inorganic and organic parts were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy. Electrochemical performances of composite electrode material showed a reversible capacity of 644 mAh/g at a current density equal to 35 mA/g, and 424 mAh/g at 140 mA/g. The capacity retention of 90% after 250 cycles show that tested electrode material is suitable as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries.

Bimetallic PdCu Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis: Multiphase or Homogeneous Alloy?

“…Pd-based multimetallic catalysts have found increasing applications in many fields, such as fuel cells, − organic synthesis, − hydrogen production, − hydrogen storage, − and environmental purification. , The introduction of non-noble metals into Pd can not only reduce the cost but also improve performance greatly. − Apart from the morphology and size, ,, the distribution of Pd active sites has a great influence on catalyst efficiency for bimetallic or trimetallic alloy particle. − Therefore, it is important to adjust the Pd element distribution among bimetallic or trimetallic alloys to improve the catalytic performance via the synergistic effects. ,, Nowadays, there are many ways to synthesizing nanoparticles, such as physical method (laser ablation, thermal evaporation), chemical method (chemical vapor deposition, template method, metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, hydrothermal method), etc. However, it is always difficult to form uniformly distributed alloy nanoparticles for different metallic elements due to their different reduction capacity and the ionic structural characteristics.…”

“…20−22 Therefore, it is important to adjust the Pd element distribution among bimetallic or trimetallic alloys to improve the catalytic performance via the synergistic effects. 23,24,59 Nowadays, there are many ways to synthesizing nanoparticles, such as physical method (laser ablation, 25 thermal evaporation 26 ), chemical method (chemical vapor deposition, 27 template method, 28 metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, 29 hydrothermal method 30 ), etc. However, it is always difficult to form uniformly distributed alloy nanoparticles for different metallic elements due to their different reduction capacity and the ionic structural characteristics.…”

A Novel Tin-Bonded Silicon Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Also, after the first cycle, a new cathodic peak at around 0.2 V appears, which is ascribed to the reaction of Li + with the amorphous Si. , For the Si–Sn@C400-2 electrode, apart from the redox peaks of Si, there are additionally two cathodic peaks at around 0.63 and 0.38 V, which are ascribed to the lithiation of Sn to Li x Sn (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.4) in different lithiation levels. The anodic peaks between 0.60 and 0.90 V correspond to the multistep dealloying of Li x Sn. ,, Besides, the current density and peak intensity of the pristine Si and Si–Sn@C400-2 electrodes increase substantially during the cycling because of the activation process of the electrodes . It is noted that the pyrolysis and hot-pressing processes do not change the Li storage mechanism of the Si anode.…”

“…The anodic peaks between 0.60 and 0.90 V correspond to the multistep dealloying of Li x Sn. 29,43,44 Besides, the current density and peak intensity of the pristine Si and Si−Sn@C400-2 electrodes increase substantially during the cycling because of the activation process of the electrodes. 45 It is noted that the pyrolysis and hot-pressing processes do not change the Li storage mechanism of the Si anode.…”

Assembly of 12-Tungstovanadate-Templated Nanocage and Nanocomposites with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the most important energy storages, − but conventional graphite anodes suffer from a low practical capacity (<372 mAh g –1 ) and poor rate capability. , Therefore, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing new anode materials with superior performance. − Metal–organic nanocages (MOCs) , are a versatile class of porous materials assembled by bridging metals with organic molecules and were studied extensively owing to their ability to encapsulate guest molecules, serving as molecular flasks for confined chemical reactions, stabilization of reactive molecules, chiral separations, catalysis, and electrochemistry . Gradually, MOCs as anode materials for LIBs are highly expected because the inner cavities are conducive to overcoming the volume change during lithium insertion/extraction.…”