Nano-structured dynamic Schiff base cues as robust self-healing polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering applications: a review

Abstract

Polymer materials are vulnerable to damages, failures, and degradations, making them economically unreliable. Self-healing polymers, on the other hand, are multifunctional materials with superior properties of autonomic recovery from physical damages. These materials are suitable for biomedical and tissue engineering in terms of cost and durability. Schiff base linkages-based polymer materials are one of the robust techniques owing to their simple self-healing mechanism. These are dynamic reversible covalent bonds, easy to fabricate at mild conditions, and can self-reintegrate after network disruption at physiological conditions making them distinguished. Here we review self-healing polymer materials based on Schiff base bonds. We discuss the Schiff base bond formation between polymeric networks, which explains the self-healing phenomenon. These bonds have induced 100% recovery in optimal cases.

Development of hybrid hydrogel to facilitate knee joint movement with an engineering approach

“…It is also known that polymer materials are vulnerable to damage and degredation. 13 Therefore, fillers (fiber, particle, laminate, and so forth) are come to the fore as a promising approach to overcome this challenge. Inorganic fillers such as TiO 2 , Ag NP, ZnO, SiO 2 , MgO, and organic fillers like CNTs are used as additives in the polymer matrix.…”

Self-Healing Chitosan Hydrogels: Preparation and Rheological Characterization

“…Comparing the data with other SH chitosan hydrogels [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]48,49], it should be remarked that chitosan crosslinking with P5P yielded SH hydrogels for a large variety of compositions allowing the fine-tuning of the other properties in view of specific applications.…”

“…From the chemical point of view, chitosan is a polyamine, and its main reaction path is the formation of imine bonds, which are wellrecognized reversible bonds with great reaction speed under mild conditions [8][9][10]. The literature survey reveals chitosan self-healing hydrogels prepared via imine bonds with a large variety of crosslinkers: glyoxal [11], glutaraldehyde [12], polyethylene glycol [13], Pluronic-F127 [14], sodium alginate [15], konjac glucomannan [16], and xanthan gum [17]. Nevertheless, the glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were demonstrated as being toxic (mutagenic and neurotoxic) [18,19], while the synthetic polymer crosslinkers are non-biodegradable.…”

Dynamic protein and polypeptide hydrogels based on Schiff base co-assembly for biomedicine

“…The Schiff base bond is widely used to design biopolymer-based biomedical hydrogels as most Schiff base-crosslinked biopolymer hydrogels exhibit dynamic mechanical properties. [38][39][40] Schiff bases are also excellent ligands for metal coordination catalysts, 41 transition metal nanoclusters, 42 and metal-organic frameworks 43 for biomedical applications. However, note that not all protein and polypeptide hydrogels based on Schiff base crosslinking are structurally dynamic in cellular microenvironments.…”