Nano-scaled Diethylene Triamine Pent Acetic Acid (N-DTPA): Novel Anti-Wilson's Disease Cell Model

Abstract

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which copper metabolism is impaired. In fact, copper accumulates in various organs and tissues can be seen and causes toxic effects in various tissues including liver, brain, kidneys and eyes. Sulfur amino acid is a metabolite of D-penicillamine and penicillamine and copper Chlator is a factor that causes urinary excretion of copper and WD therapeutic agent as well. The interesting thing about the neurological symptoms of Wilson's disease with penicillamine is the drug may worsen or even in an asymptomatic patient, the treatment may be creating symptoms. DTPA is a pentavalent compound containing carboxylic DTPA is a chemical compound that is used in radiation therapy and MRI. It can give the metal chelate with iron, copper and other cations can be conjugated and also treatment of internal body pollution caused by various elements, including raDOIactive elements. DTPA could not be lonely absorbed by the cell. The goal is to conjugate it with the G2 Dendrimer (Nanosized anionic linear biocompatible polymer) to bring it to the nano size and increase the intracellular uptake compared to the ground state. Based on the hypothesis, nanoconjugated DTPA-Dendrimer G2 was synthesized and then evaluated on Hep G2 WD cell model in vitro and the results showed a good effectiveness without any toxicity for the conjugate in decreasing the intracellular copper level comparing to gold standard D-penicillamine respectively. Based on the findings the nanosized conjugate seems to have very good prognoses and clinical future and this needs to be further investigated.

Diethylentriaminepenta acetic acid glucose conjugates as a cell permeable iron chelator

“…Because glucose receptor mediated endocytosis pathway is led to high cell uptake of DTPA without cell destruction. [ 13 ]…”

“…Because glucose receptor mediated endocytosis pathway is led to high cell uptake of DTPA without cell destruction. [13] Surveys such as studies conducted by Schibli et al have shown that when glucose is linked to a molecule through C2 position, its affinity for cell surface receptor doesn't alter essentially. [25] So, DTPA-DG can be transported through glucose channels with similar manner as unconjugated glucose.…”

“…Aliquots were used for determination of free iron content. [ 13 ] The optical densities were recorded and data processed with Perkin atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Finally, iron chelating capacity of DTPA-DG was compared with the effect of DFO at several concentrations.…”

“…Furthermore, DTPA can form complex with Gd 3+ , 111 In and 99m Tc in order to label chemical compounds to be used in nuclear medicine. [ 11 12 13 ]…”

“…Furthermore, DTPA can form complex with Gd 3+ , 111 In and 99m Tc in order to label chemical compounds to be used in nuclear medicine. [11][12][13] The main drawback of this compound is impermeability to the cell membrane so that is classified as an extracellular fluid complexing agent. [14,15] To overcome this handicap, several structural derivatives have been synthesized and examined.…”