Nano-Scale Characterization of Organic-Rich Shale via Indentation Methods

Akono, Ange-Thérèse; Kabir, Pooyan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40124-9_6

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the FT9000 shale sample, finer and more orderly layered mineral and organic matters can be seen, as compared to the coarse distribution of these constituent matters in the FT10500 sample. This confirms the heterogeneity commonly associated with shales across varied depths and layers [9,11,16].…”

Section: Morphological and Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Mechanical features of shales are also essential parameters for the modeling of basins, seismic response interpretation and for drilling optimization. [5,6] Equally, these properties of shales, mainly the elastic modulus, hardness and compressive strength are useful for determining their storage space, rate of penetration, wellbore ability, and optimizing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs, which enhances the production of hydrocarbons from such wells [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, shales are not as permeable compared to other reservoir rocks due to the varied structure and composition especially at small scales [8][9][10][11]15,16]. The characterization of shale is not only complicated but also challenging because of the heterogeneity it exhibits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characterization of shale is not only complicated but also challenging because of the heterogeneity it exhibits. Across different depths and locations, oil shales have showed varied physical and microstructural features [8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18]. Hence, focused study of oil shales based on their locations is relevant to understanding their micro-and nano structural properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Mechanical Property Measurements by Instrumented Indentation Testing of Niger Delta Oil Shale Cuttings

Kalu¹,

Jossou

Arthur

et al. 2022

JERA

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Oil shales have unstable mechanical and chemical properties, which makes their extraction for characterization and conventional mechanical testing uneasy and complex. Most often, mechanical property measurements are usually taken from core samples that are costly to extract and test using conventional testing methods. This paper presents a focused study carried out on oil shale cuttings obtained from the sidewalls of two different wellbore depths in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization techniques, the morphology of these shales was studied. The results obtained clearly showed the composition, bonding and variations in the morphology of the studied shale samples. Furthermore, the heterogeneity associated with these shales across varied depths were revealed. An efficient and less expensive technique compared to conventional testing methods, instrumented indentation testing (IIT) was carried out to obtain essential mechanical parameters of the shale specimen. These properties are important parameters in determining the hydrocarbon storage space of shale formations, wellbore stability, and optimization of hydraulic fracturing which is necessary for efficient drilling operations.

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Section: Morphological and Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization and Mechanical Property Measurements by Instrumented Indentation Testing of Niger Delta Oil Shale Cuttings

Kalu¹,

Jossou

Arthur

et al. 2022

JERA

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“…Grinding was performed using an Ecomet/Automet (Buehler, Lakebluff, IL) grinder polisher in concert with abrasive pads of different gradations. Polishing ensued using either colloidal diamond suspensions, diamond paste, or diamond polishing pads [9,8]. After grinding and polishing, all specimens were stored under high vacuum to preserve their natural state and prevent potential dehydration or degradation.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of geochemistry on toughening behavior of organic-rich shale

Akono

Kabir

2018

Acta Geotech.

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Our research objective is to understand the influence of geochemistry on the fracture behavior of organic-rich shale at multiple length-scales. Despite an increasing focus on the fracture behavior of organic-rich shale, the relationships between geochemistry and fracture behavior remain unclear and there is a scarcity of experimental data available. To this end, we carry out 59 mesoscale scratch-based fracture tests on 14 specimens extracted from 7 major gas shale plays both in the United States and in France. Post-scratch testing imaging reveal fractures with small crack width of about 400 nm. The fracture toughness is evaluated using the energetic size effect law, which is extended to generic axisymmetric probes. A nonlinear anisotropic and multiscale fracture behavior is observed. In addition, a positive correlation is found between the fracture toughness and the presence of of kerogen, clay and calcite. Moreover, the geochemistry is found to influence the timescale and the regime of propagation of the hydraulic fracture at the macroscopic length-scale. In particular, shale systems rich in TOC, clay and calcite are more likely to exhibit high values of the fluid lag and low hydraulic crack width. Our findings highlight the need for advanced constitutive models for organic-rich shale systems and advanced hydraulic fracturing solutions that can fully integrate the complex fracture response of organic-rich shale materials.

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