Nano-particle emission characteristics of European and Worldwide Harmonized test cycles for heavy-duty diesel engines

Myung, Cha Lee; Kim, J.; Kwon, Sangil; Choi, Kwang Hyun; Ko, Ahyun; Park, S.

doi:10.1007/s12239-011-0039-3

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As shown in Figures 3 and 10, the collection efficiencies of the foam filters without an ESP operation decreased to below 20~50% at low engine loads, gas velocities, and gas temperatures. The low collection efficiency could be the result of high particle emission at low gas temperatures when the engine load was low, as shown in Figures 3 and 11, which was also observed in previous studies [16][17][18]. In contrast, with an applied voltage of 11 kV to the filters, an efficiency of over 95% was maintained, although the particle number concentration at the high voltage also depended on engine conditions.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The latest European regulation on total particle emissions from diesel engines in passenger cars is based on both particle mass and number, while the mass regulation for heavy duty diesel engines has been reduced to 0.01 g/kWh, which is only half of the previous regulation (Euro V). This reflects concerns about the impact of diesel submicron particle emission on human health, e.g., adoption of stringent emission standards by the European Union [9][10][11]. Recently, ceramic diesel PM filters (DPFs) have shown significant promise for removal of PM from diesel engine emissions; however, this device becomes uneconomical when the pressure drop in high-volume diesel engines is considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submicrometer PM Removal of an ESP Combined With a Metallic Foam Filter for Large Volumetric Diesel Engines

Kim

Han

Woo

2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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An electrostatic diesel particulate matter filtration device was tested using 4000 cc diesel engines operating at standard (European Stationary Cycle (ESC) 13 and European Transient Cycle (ETC)) conditions, at temperatures between 100°C and 500°C and gas velocities of up to 30 m/s. The device consisted of an edge to cylinder-type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a metallic foam filter. To minimize the volume of the foam filter and reduce pressure drop through the filtration device, the thickness of the layer of foam filter was reduced from 34.5 to 11.5 mm. PM emissions with the filtration device, using a foam sheet thickness of 11.5 mm, were less than 0.01 g/kWh, which met the diesel PM standard given in EURO 6 regulations. Emissions using only a foam filter with 11.5 mm layers were over 0.03 g/kWh. The pressure drop of the device with 11.5 mm foam sheets was 25% that using 34.5 mm layers. A foam filter coated with Pt catalysts was tested at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 400°C, and approximately 12 g PMs were burned out through natural regeneration.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicrometer PM Removal of an ESP Combined With a Metallic Foam Filter for Large Volumetric Diesel Engines

Kim

Han

Woo

2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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“…The UFP mass produced by different diesel blends was in the order of magnitude of 10 −1 µg per normal liter of gas sampled at the tail pipe; the use of DPF generated a reduction to 10 −2 µg. These data suggest DPF efficiency to trap also UFP according to the DPF capability to determine significant reduction in the whole mass of emitted PM (Gerlofs‐Nijland et al ., ; Myung et al ., ). However, considering the size–number distribution, our data showed that the number of particles < 10 nm was to a very small extent reduced by the DPF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Organic nanoparticles from different fuel blends: in vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential

Gualtieri

Capasso

D’Anna

et al. 2014

J of Applied Toxicology

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Despite the well-established link between particulate vehicle emissions and adverse health effects, the biological effects produced by ultrafine particles generated from fuel combustion need to be investigated. The biological impact of nano-sized organic carbon particles in the size range 3-7 nm, obtained from an engine fuelled with a standard diesel and four diesel fuels doped with additives of commercial interest is reported. Our data showed that the number of particles < 10 nm is to a very small extent reduced by diesel particle filters, despite its ability to trap micrometric and submicrometric particulates, and that there is a correlation between the additives used and the chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles sampled. The results show that the different nano-sized organic carbon particles induce cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on the in vitro systems A549 (epithelial cells) and BEAS-2B (bronchial cells). All the fuels tested are able to induce the release of proinflammatory interleukins 8 and 6; moreover, the IC50 values show that the additives can increase the toxic potential of particles 10 times. Further analyses are therefore needed to better define the potential impact of organic ultrafine particles on human health.

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“…In the European transient cycle (ETC), different driving conditions are represented: urban, rural and motorway driving. The duration of the entire cycle is 1800 s. The duration of each part is 600 s [9,10]. Consequently, during the process of development and calibration of the engine, the work cannot be completed if all the calibration parameters are verified as accurate based on the ETC, because the adjustment parameters are redundant and this would waste much time and money.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Loading Strategy of an Automotive Diesel Engine under Transient Operation Conditions

Liu

Han

et al. 2018

Energies

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Targeting the performance optimization of an automotive diesel engine under transient operation conditions, in this research, the effect of several non-linear loading strategies on diesel performance have been experimentally analyzed using a heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine running under transient conditions based on the constant 1650 r/min speed, the load is increased from 10% to 100% in a 5 s transition time The results show that the larger the early loading rate and change point load, the better the dynamic torque response. The peak values of smoke and CO and the transient average of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), soot and CO can be decreased by increasing the early loading rate by the loading strategies with the appropriate change point load during transient operation. However, combustion deteriorates under the loading process with an overlarge change point load, causing emissions to increase, and the larger the early loading rate, the worse the worsening. Based on the trade-off consisting of torque dynamic response, transient total and transient average of the BSFC and brake specific emissions, peak values of smoke and CO emissions, it is concluded that the loading strategy with the early loading rate is the 50% load per second and the change point load in the 25% load is the most suitable in these strategies.

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Nano-particle emission characteristics of European and Worldwide Harmonized test cycles for heavy-duty diesel engines

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Submicrometer PM Removal of an ESP Combined With a Metallic Foam Filter for Large Volumetric Diesel Engines

Submicrometer PM Removal of an ESP Combined With a Metallic Foam Filter for Large Volumetric Diesel Engines

Organic nanoparticles from different fuel blends: in vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential

Experimental Investigation of the Loading Strategy of an Automotive Diesel Engine under Transient Operation Conditions

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