Nano-micrometer surface roughness gradients reveal topographical influences on differentiating responses of vascular cells on biodegradable magnesium

Abstract

Distinctively directing endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), potentially by surface topography cue, is of central importance for enhancing bioefficacy of vascular implants. For the first time, surface gradients with a broad range of nano-micrometer roughness are developed on Mg, a promising next-generation biodegradable metal, to carry out a systematic study on the response of ECs and SMCs. Cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation are quantified along gradients by high-throughput imaging, illustrating drastic divergence between ECs and SMCs, especially in highly rough regions. The profound role of surface topography overcoming the biochemical cue of released Mg 2+ is unraveled at different roughness ranges for ECs and SMCs. Further insights into the underlying regulatory mechanism are gained at subcellular and gene levels. Our work enables high-efficient exploration of optimized surface morphology for modulating favored cell selectivity of promoting ECs and suppressing SMCs, providing a potential strategy to achieve rapid endothelialization for Mg.

Artificial Extracellular Matrices Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…It has been demonstrated before that immersion of bioactive glass in DMEM leads to crystallization of calcite and precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the surface of the material [ 33 ], thereby depriving the medium from calcium ions. This is consistent with previous reports on BGN promoting mineralization of gelatin- and CS-based hydrogels and coatings [ 27 , 31 , 34 ]. Further, all BGN-containing coatings gradually released silicon ions with higher released concentrations during the first 10 days of immersion and gradually ceasing released silicon ion concentrations afterwards, indicating dissolution of the BGN in the cell culture medium.…”

“…Thus, starting from day 4, the main GAG content able to affect cells, was associated with the aECM. The higher GAG content in BGN-containing coatings might be due to stabilizing hydrogen bonding between hydrated silanol groups (Si-OH) of BGN interacting with the carboxyl groups and ionic complexation of negatively charged carboxyl and sulfate groups by BGN [ 31 ]. This is in line with previous findings on a negative surface charge of collagen-based aECM coatings containing sGAG [ 32 ].…”

“…This is in line with previous reports on bioactive nanoparticles changing the mechanical properties of hydrogels when incorporated [ 38 ]. Zhou et al, for example, also found enhanced storage and loss moduli when mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles were included in hybrid gelatin/oxidized CS hydrogels [ 31 ]. It has been suggested that an enhanced cross-linking degree of hydrogels via BGN is involved in this effect, e.g., due to abovementioned hydrogen bonding and complexation of released ions present in the hydrogel components [ 31 ].…”

Adapting the Pore Size of Individual, 3D-Printed CPC Scaffolds in Maxillofacial Surgery

“…The observed micro irregularities not only offer more surface for cell binding, but they also strengthen the adsorption of proteins and the extracellular matrix, which enhances the cells’ adhesion and function. This effect was observed for different biomaterials and cells [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. To improve the early cell adhesion on CPC scaffolds, the CPC could be enriched with nanoparticles such as bioactive glass, as shown by Richter et al [ 34 ].…”

Challenges and strategies for in situ endothelialization and long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts

“…Photolithography, electron beam lithography, and soft lithography can be utilized to develop micro-/nano-scale tube/groove/pillar patterns in different sizes [ 151 , 155 , 156 ]. The patterns can enhance EC elongation and endothelialization, as well as inhibit platelet adhesion and maintain long-term patency rate [ 144 , [157] , [158] , [159] ]. Wang et al [ 160 ] constructed a biomimetic vascular graft modified with nano-topographic lamellar structure utilizing freeze-cast technique, and the lamella was 10 μm high, 200 nm thick ( Fig.…”