Nano-Medicine in the Cardiovascular System

Abstract

Nano-medicines that include nanoparticles, nanocomposites, small molecules, and exosomes represent new viable sources for future therapies for the dysfunction of cardiovascular system, as well as the other important organ systems. Nanomaterials possess special properties ranging from their intrinsic physicochemical properties, surface energy and surface topographies which can illicit advantageous cellular responses within the cardiovascular system, making them exceptionally valuable in future clinical translation applications. The success of nano-medicines as future cardiovascular theranostic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between nanomaterial and the biomedical fields. In this review, we highlight some of the major types of nano-medicine systems that are currently being explored in the cardiac field. This review focusses on the major differences between the systems, and how these differences affect the specific therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The important concerns relevant to cardiac nano-medicines, including cellular responses, toxicity of the different nanomaterials, as well as cardio-protective and regenerative capabilities are discussed. In this review an overview of the current development of nano-medicines specific to the cardiac field is provided, discussing the diverse nature and applications of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.

Ginger: A complementary approach for management of cardiovascular diseases

“…As further application, a coated coronary stent with the nanostructured surface can suppress smooth muscle cell growth, while promoting the proliferation and attachment of endothelial cells. 122 Borcan et al…”

Leveraging 3D Bioprinting and Photon‐Counting Computed Tomography to Enable Noninvasive Quantitative Tracking of Multifunctional Tissue Engineered Constructs

“…These are key areas for continued development of the next generation of precision and personalized regenerative medicine treatments. Such advanced CT-visible scaffolds could be used to treat a variety of diseases, including ischemic heart injuries (i.e., cardiac patch devices [90][91][92] ).…”

Innovations in the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: Analysis of a novel medicines development pipeline database

“…While innovations around heat‐stable formulations and delivery mechanisms for uterotonics are novel, only two candidates not already approved for PPH were genuinely new entities—VU 590 dihydrochloride and Phorbol‐12,13‐dibutyrate—although VU 590 dihydrochloride was excluded in our analysis as preclinical data suggest it would not be useful as a uterotonic 40 . The use of nanotechnology to directly target the uterus and deliver dofetilide (or other medicines) may be a promising technological advance 22 ; significant advances have been made in oncology and cardiology with small molecules and nanomedicine 41,42 …”

“…40 The use of nanotechnology to directly target the uterus and deliver dofetilide (or other medicines) may be a promising technological advance 22 ; significant advances have been made in oncology and cardiology with small molecules and nanomedicine. 41,42 We created a novel, robust database of medicines development for potential maternal health conditions since 2000, using a comprehensive, multipronged search strategy and several review and quality-assurance steps to maximize coverage and accuracy.…”