“…Due the low water/binder ratio used for HSC compared to that of conventional concrete, the amount of portlandite released during Portland cement hydration is reduced and, consequently, the increment on the compressive strength due the pozzolanic reaction is minimised [11][12][13][14][15].…”
h i g h l i g h t s An important nucleation effect was attributed to FA at early hydration age. An early age pozzolanic effect was developed by FCC. High strengths were achieved in binary (OPC/FA) and ternary systems (OPC/FA/FCC). Strength contributions (nucleation, hydration, pozzolanic) were calculated. The synergic role of the combination of both pozzolans was demonstrated.
“…Due the low water/binder ratio used for HSC compared to that of conventional concrete, the amount of portlandite released during Portland cement hydration is reduced and, consequently, the increment on the compressive strength due the pozzolanic reaction is minimised [11][12][13][14][15].…”
h i g h l i g h t s An important nucleation effect was attributed to FA at early hydration age. An early age pozzolanic effect was developed by FCC. High strengths were achieved in binary (OPC/FA) and ternary systems (OPC/FA/FCC). Strength contributions (nucleation, hydration, pozzolanic) were calculated. The synergic role of the combination of both pozzolans was demonstrated.
“…However, the cement sheath made of the lightweight slurry has significantly lower compressive strength in the initial hydration period. Compressive strength of the cement sheath made from the slurries used previously, after 24 h of hydration, reaches values ranging from about 5 MPa to about 8 MPa (compressive strength values for slurries with a density of about 1500 kg/m 3 , deposited at a temperature of about 30 • C) [43][44][45][46][47][48]. The problem of interpretation of geophysical measurements is raised when CBL confirms the absence of cement despite its being injected up to the top.…”
Admixtures of mineral or waste filling materials are used to reduce slurry density. However, the sheath made of lightweight cement slurry has low mechanical performance at the initial bonding time. The required strength is achieved later. This is the main problem when evaluating the cement bond logging. The waiting time for geophysical measurements after injecting and bonding of cement is nowadays increasingly shortened. This is forced by economic factors. Too early geophysical measurements may result in obtaining a false indication of the cement bond logging. The lack of cement or partial bonding, despite the presence of slurry in the annular space is then found. The slurry developed by the author achieves high compressive strength after a short bonding time. Reducing the amount of water in the slurry resulted in a lowered filtration value. This is important in preventing gas migration after the cementing. The designed slurry also reaches the value of 3.5 MPa in a short time. This allows for an earlier commencement of a well drilling. The use of said slurry improves the effectiveness of the well sealing and makes it possible to obtain a reliable knowledge of the bond logging.
“…As one of the most used building material, concrete is inevitably exposed to different acidic substances and from this point of view the durability of concrete structures in aggressive environments has become a major concern over the past several decades [1][2][3]. Suitable compressive strength, large resources of concrete components and cost effectiveness are concrete characteristics that are desirable for various applications [4,5]. When concrete is exposed to acidic environments, deterioration of material occurs, because acidic molecules penetrating the concrete reacts with compounds in concrete matrix [4,6].…”
Acid rain is identified as one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and it is mainly a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Deterioration of concrete structures exposed to aggressive acid rain attack is a key durability issue that affects the performance and maintenance costs of vital civil infrastructures. The motivation for understanding the acid rain corrosion process is high because of the early age deterioration of many concrete structures exposed to acid rain. The main objective of this study was to investigate the durability of concrete specimens with different supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash, zeolite and blast furnace slag against acid rain attack. Experiments of acid rain simulation influence on the composites were carried out for 7 weeks and parameters like visual changes, absorbability and leachability of calcium and silicon ions were evaluated. The increase in absorbability was detected for all samples while the sample with blast furnace slag was identified to be the most durable in this point of view. The most durable sample considering leached-out calcium and silicon ions was found to be sample with fly ash.
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