Nano-Engineering of Graphene and Related Materials

Graphene Reknits Its Holes

“…In earlier studies, graphene and graphite were etched or tailored in a gas environment (hydrogen or oxygen) at high temperatures. − In particular, the interaction of metals with the graphene surface in such extreme conditions was shown both experimentally and theoretically to provide an efficient means of controlling the etching process and effectively sculpt graphene/graphite nanostructures. A recent review of graphene tailoring and its applications can for instance be found in Xu . Additionally, a number of papers have previously discussed defects in graphene, either following experimental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies, − where defects were introduced by the electron beam, or by simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. − Defects studies in all those papers are based on the reconstruction of the graphene lattice as a result of knock-on of carbon atoms from the graphene lattice (mono- and multivacancy) or/and as a result of bond rotations, for example, the formation of Stone–Wales (55–77) and 8-ring defects.…”

“…A recent review of graphene tailoring and its applications can for instance be found in Xu. 10 Additionally, a number of papers have previously discussed defects in graphene, either following experimental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies, 11−17 where defects were introduced by the electron beam, or by simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. 18−25 Defects studies in all those papers are based on the reconstruction of the graphene lattice as a result of knock-on of carbon atoms from the graphene lattice (mono-and multivacancy) or/and as a result of bond rotations, for example, the formation of Stone− Wales (55−77) and 8-ring defects.…”