Nano drug delivery systems for ovarian cancer therapy

Pathak

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

et al. 2019

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It usually occurs in women older than 50 years, and because 75% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV it is associated with poor diagnosis. Despite the chemosensitivity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the majority of patients is relapsed and eventually dies. In addition to the challenge of early detection, its treatment presents several challenges like the route of administration, resistance to therapy with recurrence and specific targeting of cancer to reduce cytotoxicity and side effects. In ovarian cancer therapy, nanocarriers help overcome problems of poor aqueous solubility of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their delivery to the tumour sites either by passive or active targeting, and thus reducing adverse side effects to the healthy tissues. Moreover, the bioavailability to the tumour site is increased by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. The present review aims to describe the current conventional treatment with special reference to passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) towards specific receptors designed against ovarian cancer to overcome the drawbacks of conventional delivery. Conclusively, targeted nanocarriers would optimise the intra-tumour distribution, followed by drug delivery into the intracellular compartment. These features may contribute to greater therapeutic effect. ARTICLE HISTORY

Section: They Can Damage the Cells Of The Bone Marrow Resulting Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nanoscale drug delivery strategies for therapy of ovarian cancer: conventional vs targeted

Pathak

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

et al. 2019

“…We observed specific uptake of NT4-QDs in human cancer cells in vitro, and much higher accumulation and retention of targeted QDs at the tumor site, compared to the non-targeted QDs, in a mouse colon cancer model [15]. To achieve higher tumor-accumulation of the drug, multiple drug moieties can be loaded on a single carrier, reducing the off-target toxicity of the free drug and maximizing treatment efficacy [16]. Functionalized nanosystems are precious tools as they can be turned into tumor specific probes and can be easily modulated in terms of scale of the carried cargo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A New NT4 Peptide-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment

et al. 2020

The development of selective tumor targeting agents to deliver multiple units of chemotherapy drugs to cancer tissue would improve treatment efficacy and greatly advance progress in cancer therapy. Here we report a new drug delivery system based on a tetrabranched peptide known as NT4, which is a promising cancer theranostic by virtue of its high cancer selectivity. We developed NT4 directly conjugated with one, two, or three units of paclitaxel and an NT4-based nanosystem, using NIR-emitting quantum dots, loaded with the NT4 tumor-targeting agent and conjugated with paclitaxel, to obtain a NT4-QD-PTX nanodevice designed to simultaneously detect and kill tumor cells. The selective binding and in vitro cytotoxicity of NT4-QD-PTX were higher than for unlabeled QD-PTX when tested on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. NT4-QD-PTX tumor-targeted nanoparticles can be considered promising for early tumor detection and for the development of effective treatments combining simultaneous therapy and diagnosis.

“…By utilizing tumor-specific tags, nanodelivery systems can exploit the unique tumor microenvironment for highly specific tumor targeted drug delivery. [24–28] A number of design parameters govern the performance and behavior of nanoparticles in vivo for diagnostic or therapeutic use include; the choice of material, particle size and surface chemistry, particle shape, active vs passive targeting. In addition, evaluation of the nanodelivery systems in the context of more clinically revelant mouse models of cancer, e.g.…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoacoustic imaging identifies ovarian cancer using a microenvironment targeted theranostic wormhole mesoporous silica nanoparticle

et al. 2018

At the intersection of the newly emerging fields of optoacoustic imaging and theranostic nanomedicine, promising clinical progress can be made in dismal prognosis of ovarian cancer. An acidic pH targeted wormhole mesoporous silica nanoparticle (V7-RUBY) was developed to serve as a novel tumor specific theranostic nanoparticle detectable using multispectral optoacoustic tomographic (MSOT) imaging. We report the synthesis of a small, < 40 nm, biocompatible asymmetric wormhole pore mesoporous silica core particle that has both large loading capacity and favorable release kinetics combined with tumor-specific targeting and gatekeeping. V7-RUBY exploits the acidic tumor microenvironment for tumor-specific targeting and tumor-specific release. In vitro, treatment with V7-RUBY containing either paclitaxel or carboplatin resulted in increased cell death at pH 6.6 in comparison to drug alone (p < 0.0001). In orthotopic ovarian xenograft mouse models, V7-RUBY containing IR780 was specifically detected within the tumor 7X and 4X higher than the liver and >10X higher than in the kidney using both multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging with secondary confirmation using near infrared fluorescence imaging (p < 0.0004). The V7-RUBY system carrying a cargo of either contrast agent or an anti-neoplastic drug has the potential to become a theranostic nanoparticle which can improve both diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.