Nano-Domains Produced through a Two-Step Poling Technique in Lithium Niobate on Insulators

Abstract

We proposed a two-step poling technique to fabricate nanoscale domains based on the anti-parallel polarization reversal effect in lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). The anti-parallel polarization reversal is observed when lithium niobate thin film in LNOI is poled by applying a high voltage pulse through the conductive probe tip of atomic force microscope, which generates a donut-shaped domain structure with its domain polarization at the center being anti-parallel to the poling field. The donut-shaped domain is unstable and decays with a time scale of hours. With the two-step poling technique, the polarization of the donut-shaped domain can be reversed entirely, producing a stable dot domain with a size of tens of nanometers. Dot domains with diameter of the order of ∼30 nm were fabricated through the two-step poling technique. The results may be beneficial to domain-based applications such as ferroelectric domain memory.

Study of Lapping and Polishing Performance on Lithium Niobate Single Crystals

“…In the production environment, the calculation of the minimum polishing cycle time allowed to increase the processing efficiency by reducing the time of the polishing operation, reducing the number of polishing defects, and reducing the abrasive materials consumption. The presented results coincided with the authors’ conclusions [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…The theory of the impact of free abrasive grains on the glass surface during its lapping is now generally accepted and has found its further development and refinement [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. There are some differences in the operation of free and fixed abrasive grains which significantly influence the mechanism of action, the size of the deformed layer, and the micro relief of the processed surface [ 9 , 14 , 15 ]. In studies [ 1 , 9 , 10 , 16 ], it was found that the ratio of the depth F of the deformed and h of the relief layers for various grades of optical glass and minerals with a similar brittle criterion remains almost constant: F / h = K ≈ 4 ( Figure 1 ).…”

Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling of Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

“…The ways to pattern periodically switched domains in LiNbO 3 mainly include femtosecond laser writing [37] and high voltage-assisted domain switching [32,[38][39][40]. Although QPM was proposed early in 1962 [41], its practical feasibility was not proven until the 1980s.…”