Nano-Delivery System of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis via Aptamer-Modified-Niosomes

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) therapy requires long-course multidrug regimens leading to the emergence of drug-resistant TB and increased public health burden worldwide. As the treatment strategy is more challenging, seeking a potent non-antibiotic agent has been raised. Propolis serve as a natural source of bioactive molecules. It has been evidenced to eliminate various microbial pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this study, we fabricated the niosome-based drug delivery platform for ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) using thin film hydration method with Ag85A aptamer surface modification (Apt-PEGNio/EEP) to target Mtb. Physicochemical characterization of PEGNio/EEP indicated approximately −20 mV of zeta potential, 180 nm of spherical nanoparticles, 80% of entrapment efficiency, and the sustained release profile. The Apt-PEGNio/EEP and PEGNio/EEP showed no difference in these characteristics. The chemical composition in the nanostructure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Apt-PEGNio/EEP showed specific binding to Mycobacterium expressing Ag85 membrane-bound protein by confocal laser scanning microscope. It strongly inhibited Mtb in vitro and exhibited non-toxicity on alveolar macrophages. These findings indicate that the Apt-PEGNio/EEP acts as an antimycobacterial nanoparticle and might be a promising innovative targeted treatment. Further application of this smart nano-delivery system will lead to effective TB management.

An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management

“…Sangboonruang et al, {209] fabricated a novel niosome-based platform consisting of an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) via the film hydration method [209]. The surface of noisome was modified using the Ag85A aptamer that helps in targeting the Mtb.…”

Niosomal Drug Delivery System used in Tuberculosis

“…Tuberculosis: One of the biggest global health issues is tuberculosis (TB), which is second only to HIV as the leading cause of mortality globally. The recent data based on the data given by World Health Organisation (WHO)& that is 10 million new cases reported in 2016.It is estimated that one in three individuals globally may have Mycobacterium tuberculosis and be at risk of the illness reoccurring 1,2 .TB is a serious illness caused by these bacteria. In order to stop the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic, the End TB Strategy will be put into action starting in 2016 established by the World Health Assembly in May 2014, the plan provides countries with a roadmap to cure tuberculosis fatalities by 87% by 2030 with targets connected to the recently established Sustainable Development Goals 3,4 .…”

Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages

“…Previously, the formulation of AMB-niosomes was established by significantly reducing the fungal burden, in an animal model, with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis [23]. In addition, the encapsulation of EEP was also successfully achieved in niosomes against Staphylococcus aureus, C. albicans [18], and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [24,25]. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of EEP through the niosome system against C. neoformans for an in vitro model of pulmonary cryptococcosis.…”