Nano-copper catalyzed three-component reaction to construct 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles

Metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne “click” reactions: Mechanistic overview and recent trends

“…30b) [153]. Other recently reported nanostructured Cu catalysts for three-component CuAAC reactions included CuNPs [154], heterogeneous porous Cu(0) [155], and CuNPs on silica coated maghemite nanoparticles (CuNPs/mag silica) [156]. Since Lipshutz's seminal study involving nickel oxide NPs in the CuAAC reaction [157], essentially Cu-M bimetallic alloys (M = metal or its oxides NPs, mainly Fe and Ni) have been explored in the AAC reaction.…”

Aminopropyl-silica-supported Cu nanoparticles: An efficient catalyst for continuous-flow Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)

“…With respect to other immobilized Cu catalysts reported to date, including nanostructured ones [35,36,[73][74][75][76][77][78], these novel systems displayed improved performances especially for what it concerns the low metal leaching and extended reuse under optimized conditions. Arguably, these unique properties can be traced back to the use of MVS-derived Cu nanoparticles and the possibility to prepare, by this technique, supported metal catalyst containing particles in the low nanometer range and without contamination by foreign substances.…”

Recent developments on nano-ZnO catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

“…In 1893, Biginelli [78] first reported the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (26) with only 20-50% yields. In 2015, Hassanpour et al [79] successfully employed ZnO nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (26) in good yields via a one-pot three component reaction between various aldehydes (5), alkyl acetoacetate (17a/17b) and urea (25) or thiourea (25a) in water at 50 °C. ZnO nanoparicles was found to be much more efficient than the commercial ZnO (Scheme 4).…”

“…in nano form, have drawn considerable attention as efficient, environmentally sustainable, heterogeneous catalysts and have found immense applications in various organic transformations that include C-H funtionalizaion [20], synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles, Fig. 1 Some of the marketed drugs containing heterocycles 2-aminobenzothiazoles, benzoxazoles [21], tetrahydrobenzofurans [22], α-aminophosphonate [23], bis-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones [24], 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles [25], xanthenes [26], pyrano [2,3-d]pyrimidines, 4H-chromenes, and dihydropyrano [3,2-c]chromenes [27], substituted pyridines [28], quinoxalin-2-amine [29] and many more [30,31].…”