“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The advantages of the MCRs include no need of isolation or purification for intermediate products, superior atom-economy, and high variability of substrates. Up to now, various catalysts including metal chlorides, [19][20][21] iodine, 22 amberlyst-15, 23 nano-CoFe 2 O 4 supported Mo catalyst or Sb(III) catalyst, 24,25 nano copper oxide, 26 Clay K10, 27 and Pd catalyst for synthesis of substituted pyrroles via MCRs have been employed. 28 However, it still suffers from several disadvantages such as the use of toxic metal catalysts, tedious workup and purification with low yield, and long reaction times.…”