Nano-coating of β-galactosidase onto the Surface of Lactose by Using an Ultrasound-assisted Technique

Genina, Natalja; Räikkönen, Heikki; Heinämäki, Jyrki; Veski, Peep; Yliruusi, Jouko

doi:10.1208/s12249-010-9462-4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Higher pressure atomisation results in stronger mechanical stresses which can be harmful to proteins, but no evidence of this was seen in the β-galactosidase activity levels. A similar result has been reported in an earlier study, where atomisation by ultrasound nebulisation had no effect on β-galactosidase activity (Genina et al, 2010).…”

Section: Protein Activity Preservation During Spray Dryingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of melibiose and trehalose as stabilising excipients for spray-dried β-galactosidase formulations

Lipiäinen

Räikkönen

Kolu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Spray-dried protein formulations commonly require stabilising excipients to prevent protein degradation during processing and storage, and trehalose has been commonly used. The purpose of this work was to evaluate melibiose in spray-dried protein formulations in comparison to trehalose. The protein-activity-preserving efficacy, process behaviour and storage stability were studied. Spray drying of β-galactosidase was carried out using different process temperature, drying air flow and feed liquid atomisation settings. Both melibiose and trehalose reduced protein activity loss during drying. A decrease in activities was observed when the process temperature exceeded a threshold temperature. During storage (30 days at 18% RH and 20 or 40 °C), the formulations dried below this threshold temperature showed no further activity loss, and the stabilising efficacy of the two disaccharides was equal. With higher process temperatures, the remaining protein activities after storage trended higher with melibiose formulations. All formulations remained amorphous. The powder yields of melibiose formulations were similar to trehalose. There was a difference in residual moisture contents, with melibiose formulations giving drier products. In conclusion, protein formulations with melibiose could be spray dried into amorphous powders that were physically stable, contained lower moisture contents and protected protein activity at least as well as trehalose formulations.

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Section: Protein Activity Preservation During Spray Dryingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of melibiose and trehalose as stabilising excipients for spray-dried β-galactosidase formulations

Lipiäinen

Räikkönen

Kolu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…At the same time, most homeopathic manufacturers ultimately pour or spray and dry their final liquid potency onto lactose sugar pellets for longerterm storage and administration. Lactose is a known reducing and capping agent for nanoparticle generation from precursor materials as well as carrier for other nanostructures [67,[121][122][123][124][125][126][127].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Characterization of Traditional Homeopathically- Manufactured Gelsemium sempervirens Medicines and Placebo Controls

S¹

2015

J Nanomedine Biotherapeutic Discov

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Multiple studies have observed nanostructures in traditionally-manufactured homeopathic medicines. Homeopathy is a 200-year-old system of complementary and alternative medicine used worldwide. The nature of homeopathic medicines has historically stimulated much debate. The present placebo-controlled study extended previous work to characterize nanoparticles (NPs) in homeopathically-prepared Gelsemium sempervirens (GELS), a natural botanical source with previously-documented anxiolytic, analgesic, and anticancer properties. An ethanolic GELS herbal extract was serially diluted and succussed (agitated) in a 95% ethanol-water diluent solvent in glass vials, following Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the U.S. guidelines. GELS (VERUM, at homeopathic potencies of 6C, 30C, 200C, each n=3 vials), succussed controls (SUCC-CONT, at homeopathic potencies of 6C, 30C, 200C, each n=3), and one set of unsuccussed solvent control vials also used natural cork (Quercus suber) stoppers (UNSUCC-cork, n=3). A final set of unsuccussed solvent controls used silicone stoppers (UNSUCCsilicone, n=3). Analytical methods included nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potentials, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. NTA revealed >4 x 10 8 nanoparticles per milliliter in all VERUM, SUCC-CONT, and UNSUCC-cork vials, significantly more than the UNSUCC-silicone controls. Particle sizes were polydisperse, significantly larger in the VERUM 30C at 129.8 nanometers versus SUCC-CONT at 6C, 30C, 200C and the UNSUCC-cork controls. Zeta potentials consistent with greater particle stability were significantly most negative in the VERUM GELS 200C (-47.75 mV). Within the UV-vis wavelength range 300-400 nm, the SUCC-CONT 30C exhibited significantly higher, whereas UNSUCC-silicone stopper controls had significantly lower, mean absorbance than all other samples. Taken together, the data suggest that traditional homeopathic methods involving succussions release not only the previously-shown silica from glassware walls, but also Quercus suber materials from natural cork stoppers to stabilize NPs in solution. With verum source material Gelsemium, additional NP size growth and surface stabilization can occur. Further study of homeopathic manufacturing materials and methods and their biological correlates is indicated.

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“…120,121 Methods include spray freeze-drying or drying onto lactose surfaces. 122,123 Nanosilica and other nanostructures can survive drying. 48,124,125 Nanoparticles and homeopathic remedyactions As Hahnemann originally observed, 126 any given agent or stressor will exert both direct actions and elicit indirect (counter-action) adaptive reactions.…”

Section: Dilutionin Nanoscience: Possible Relevance Tohomeopathic Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of adaptive biological effects by nanotechnology preparation methods in homeopathic medicines

Bell

Schwartz

2015

Homeopathy

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Multiple studies have demonstrated that traditional homeopathic manufacturing reagents and processes can generate remedy source and silica nanoparticles (NPs). Homeopathically-made NPs would initiate adaptive changes in an organism as a complex adaptive system (CAS) or network. Adaptive changes would emerge from several different endogenous amplification processes that respond to exogenous danger or threat signals that manufactured nanomaterials convey, including (1) stochastic resonance (SR) in sensory neural systems and (2) time-dependent sensitization (TDS)/oscillation. SR is nonlinear coherent amplification of a weak signal by the superposition of a larger magnitude white noise containing within it the same frequencies of the weak signal. TDS is progressive response magnitude amplification and oscillatory reversal in response direction to a given low dose at physiological limits with the passage of time. Hormesis is an overarching adaptive phenomenon that reflects the observed nonlinear adaptive dose-response relationship. Remedies would act as enhanced micro- and nanoscale forms of their source material via direct local ligand-receptor interactions at very low potencies and/or by triggering systemic adaptive network dynamical effects via their NP-based electromagnetic, optical, and quantum mechanical properties at higher potencies. Manufacturing parameters including dilution modify sizes, shapes, and surface charges of nanoparticles, thereby causing differences in physico-chemical properties and biological effects. Based on surface area, size, shape, and charge, nanoparticles adsorb a complex pattern of serum proteins, forming a protein corona on contact that constitutes a unique biological identity. The protein corona may capture individualized dysfunctional biological mediator information of the organism onto the surfaces of the salient, i.e., resonant, remedy nanostructures. SR would amplify this weak signal from the salient remedy NPs with protein corona adsorbed, leading to sensitized nonlinear dynamical modulation of gene expression and associated changes in biological signaling pathways. When the system reaches its physiological limits during a homeopathic aggravation or the natural disease state, the amplified remedy signal triggers a nonlinear reversal in dynamical direction back towards health.

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Nano-coating of β-galactosidase onto the Surface of Lactose by Using an Ultrasound-assisted Technique

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of melibiose and trehalose as stabilising excipients for spray-dried β-galactosidase formulations

Comparison of melibiose and trehalose as stabilising excipients for spray-dried β-galactosidase formulations

Nanoparticle Characterization of Traditional Homeopathically- Manufactured Gelsemium sempervirens Medicines and Placebo Controls

Enhancement of adaptive biological effects by nanotechnology preparation methods in homeopathic medicines

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