Nano- and Microengineering: 3-D Colloidal Photonic Crystals Prepared from Sub-μm-sized Polystyrene Latex Spheres Pre-Coated with Luminescent Polyelectrolyte/Nanocrystal Shells

Abstract

IrCl 63± . ªWritingº was firstly performed by electrogenerating MV +. close to the oxidized tungsten oxide surface. Changing the potential of the microelectrode and generating IrCl 6 2± above the blue spots resulted in the partial ªerasingº of the blue tungsten bronze.In conclusion, we have described in this paper a simple and particularly fast electrochemical±spectroscopic ªwrit-ing±reading±erasingº system based on a scanning probe technique. The fast ªreadingº and ªerasingº processes are due to the fact that there is no phase transition between the two states and that the ingression and egression of ions is very fast. In principle, the resolution of patterning depends on the size of the microelectrodes, which currently can be reduced to the nanometer range. The uniqueness of this system is that the propagation of the lateral charge inside the thin film can be detected independently of its formation. This allows the study of lateral charge transport and enables the development of better systems in terms of resolution and information storage capabilities.

Nanoengineering of Particle Surfaces

“…Accordingly, nanoengineered core±shell particles are expected to find new and exciting applications in the chemistry, bioscience and materials science fields. Core±shell particles have already been assembled into colloidal crystals for photonic applications, [101] used as heterogeneous catalysts [79,80] and multi-enzyme biocatalysts, [132±134] and in surface enhanced Raman scattering applications. [104] An interesting extension of the composite particles is the production of hollow capsules by removal of the core particle; [29,30,42,43,48,49,98,99,138±140] these hollow materials may find applications in drug delivery, or as reactor or specific recognition systems.…”

“…[95,96,103] This highlights the importance of controlling the solution conditions to effect uniform nanoparticle coatings on larger colloids when using the LbL technique. Submicrometer-sized composite particles with multilayer arrays of Fe 3 O 4 , [97,98] TiO 2 , [99] and clay [99] nanoparticles, luminescent semiconductors, [100,101] as well as nanoparticle composites have also been produced via this approach.…”

Hierarchical assembly of CdS nanoparticles in polymer particles with phase separation structures

“…[12][13][14][15] Alternatively, QDs have been incorporated into submicron spheres using layer-by-layer assembly. 16,17 In these examples, the coupling between QD emission and photonic crystal band gaps has been demonstrated. Recently, Moffitt and co-workers showed that multistep self-assembly of QDs and block copolymers enables the preparation of submicron-sized particles containing QDs and the creation of hierarchically structured photonic crystals.…”

Epidermal Growth Factor Enhances Cellular Uptake of Polystyrene Nanoparticles by Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis

“…PS NPs are utilized in various research and commercial applications, including biosensors [4], photonics [5], self-assembling nanostructures [6], and spray and exterior paints [7]. The increasingly wide use of PS NPs is leading to a corresponding rise in exposure levels, thereby raising the problem of potential risk to human health.…”