Nano- and biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: challenges and opportunities

Iravani, Siavash

doi:10.1039/d0ma00702a

Cited by 101 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Particularly, the viral loads in nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples reached the maximum level at around 5–6 days after symptom onset (~10 4 to 10 7 copies mL –1 ) [ 44 ]. Currently, the molecular diagnostics is the key methods that have been applied to detect viral biological markers, including viral genetic material (i.e., RNA) or viral proteins (i.e., S or N proteins) in patient samples [ 45 ]. The viral genetic material is typically targeted because it can be amplified to enhance the detection sensitivity.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Biomarkers and Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosensors, on the other hand, provide low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles [ 124 , 125 ]. General platforms of biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection involve three important components, including (1) the target biomarkers of virus (e.g., viral RNA, viral proteins, or human immunoglobulins), (2) identification methods (based on biorecognition materials, e.g., antibodies, antibody-like molecules, or nucleic acid probes), and (3) the transduction systems for signal amplification (based on electrical, electrochemical, optical, surface plasmon resonance, and fluorescent signals) [ 45 ]. Using RNA as a target can be inconvenient because it requires the additional RNA extraction step from patient sample.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in emergent biological recognition elements and bioelectronics for diagnosing COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to public health. Tremendous efforts are dedicated to advance reliable and effective detection of coronaviruses. Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis mainly relies on the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic materials by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. However, simpler and more rapid and reliable alternatives are needed to meet high demand during the pandemic. Biosensor-based diagnosis approaches become alternatives for selectively and rapidly detecting virus particles because of their biorecognition elements consisting of biomaterials that are specific to virus biomarkers. Here, we summarize biorecognition materials, including antibodies and antibody-like molecules, that are designed to recognize SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers and the advances of recently developed biosensors for COVID-19 diagnosis. The design of biorecognition materials or layers is crucial to maximize biosensing performances, such as high selectivity and sensitivity of virus detection. Additionally, the recent representative achievements in developing bioelectronics for sensing coronavirus are included. This review includes scholarly articles, mainly published in 2020 and early 2021. In addition to capturing the fast development in the fields of applied materials and biodiagnosis, the outlook of this rapidly evolving technology is summarized. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 could help prevent the spread of this contagious disease and provide significant information to medical teams to treat patients.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Biomarkers and Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in emergent biological recognition elements and bioelectronics for diagnosing COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…This is a topic of current intense interest [ 66 , 67 ], and the well-established abilities of coordination complexes to inhibit different stages of the replicative cycles of several viruses may be a good starting point. Furthermore, we believe that this type of study could be useful for developing more efficient techniques for the reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is also an area of intense research efforts [ [68] , [69] , [70] ], in order to control, prevent and therefore reduce its pathogenic spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SARS-CoV-2 –human metalloproteome interaction map

Chasapis

Georgiopoulou

Perlepes

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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The recent pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus resulted in the greatest global health crisis since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. There is limited knowledge of whether SARS-CoV-2 is physically associated with human metalloproteins. Recently, high-confidence, experimentally supported protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins were reported. In this work, 58 metalloproteins among these human targets have been identified by a structure-based approach. This study reveals that most human metalloproteins interact with the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 orf8 protein, whose antibodies are one of the principal markers of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, this work provides sufficient evidence to conclude that Zn 2+ plays an important role in the interplay between the novel coronavirus and humans. First, the content of Zn-binding proteins in the involved human metalloproteome is significantly higher than that of the other metal ions. Second, a molecular linkage between the identified human Zn-binding proteome with underlying medical conditions that might increase the risk of severe illness from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found. Likely perturbations of host cellular metal homeostasis by SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted.

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“…A more detailed discussion of other nanomaterial-based biosensors for CoV detection can be found elsewhere. [ 40 ]…”

Section: Polymer-based Nanomedicine Strategies For Sars-cov-2 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the detection of respiratory viruses, various polymeric nanobiosensors, including MIP-based sensors, have been developed in recent years. [ 40 ] Modification and surface functionalization of MIPs are unique nanobiosensing strategies for faster and more specific detection of viral infection. In recent years, these low-cost, affordable, and highly selective detection systems have drawn the research community and biomedical industry’s attention to replacing costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive traditional detection techniques.…”

Section: Scope Of Polymer-based Nano-therapies To Combat Respiratory Injury: Progress Prospects and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-based nano-therapies to combat COVID-19 related respiratory injury: progress, prospects, and challenges

Rana

2021

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

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The recent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has increased at an alarming rate, representing a substantial cause of mortality worldwide. Respiratory injuries are major COVID-19 related complications, leading to poor lung circulation, tissue scarring, and airway obstruction. Despite an in-depth investigation of respiratory injury’s molecular pathogenesis, effective treatments have yet to be developed. Moreover, early detection of viral infection is required to halt the disease-related long-term complications, including respiratory injuries. The currently employed detection technique (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or qRT-PCR) failed to meet this need at some point because it is costly, time-consuming, and requires higher expertise and technical skills. Polymer-based nanobiosensing techniques can be employed to overcome these limitations. Polymeric nanomaterials have the potential for clinical applications due to their versatile features like low cytotoxicity, biodegradability, bioavailability, biocompatibility, and specific delivery at the targeted site of action. In recent years, innovative polymeric nanomedicine approaches have been developed to deliver therapeutic agents and support tissue growth for the inflamed organs, including the lung. This review highlights the most recent advances of polymer-based nanomedicine approaches in infectious disease diagnosis and treatments. This paper also focuses on the potential of novel nanomedicine techniques that may prove to be therapeutically efficient in fighting against COVID-19 related respiratory injuries.

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Nano- and biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: challenges and opportunities

Abstract: Nanotechnology and biotechnology are currently focused on pathogenic viruses, and are ready to detect viral infections. Indeed, innovative nano-based structures and nanobiotechnology, during the pandemics, can be employed for rapid,...

Cited by 101 publications

References 65 publications

Advances in emergent biological recognition elements and bioelectronics for diagnosing COVID-19

Advances in emergent biological recognition elements and bioelectronics for diagnosing COVID-19

A SARS-CoV-2 –human metalloproteome interaction map

Polymer-based nano-therapies to combat COVID-19 related respiratory injury: progress, prospects, and challenges

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