Naming Impairments following Recovery from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Category-Specific?

Stewart, Fiona; Parkin, Alan J.; Hunkin, Nicola M.

doi:10.1080/02724989243000037

Cited by 201 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sacchett and Humphreys (1992) reported the opposite deficit-a selective inability to name artifacts. Although the specific interpretation of this deficit has been controversial (Funnell & Sheridan, 1992;Gaffan & Heywood, 1993;Stewart, Parkin, & Hunkin, 1992), most authors agree that these data reflect some kind of specialization by category or by basic between-category processing differences, and more recently, Caramazza and Shelton (1998) argued that they may reflect a set of distinct visual subsystems that correspond closely to cognitive between-category distinctions. If this is true, efficient visual search for these categories may involve detection of activity in one of these systems.…”

Section: Visual Search By Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Levin

Takarae

Miner

et al. 2001

Perception & Psychophysics

113

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In this report, we explored the features that support visual search for broadly inclusive natural categories. We used a paradigm in which subjects searched for a randomly selected target from one category (e.g., one of 32 line drawings of artifacts or animals in displays ranging from three to nine items) among a mixed set of distractors from the other. We found that search was surprisingly fast. Targetpresent slopes for animal targets among artifacts ranged from 10.8 to 16.0 msec/item, and slopes for artifact targets ranged from 5.5 to 6.2 msec/item. Experiments 2-5 tested factors that affect both the speed of the search and the search asymmetry favoring detection of artifacts among animals. They converge on the conclusion that target-distractor differences in global contour shape (e.g., rectilinearity/ curvilinearity) and visual typicality of parts and form facilitate search by category. We argue that existing theories are helpful in understanding these findings but that they need to be supplemented to account for the specific features that specify categories and to account for subjects' ability to quickly locate targets representing heterogeneous and formally complex categories.

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Section: Visual Search By Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Levin

Takarae

Miner

et al. 2001

Perception & Psychophysics

113

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show abstract

“…The first one, already mentioned above, concerns the fact that various cognitive and psycholinguistic variables (also known as ''intrinsic'' or ''nuisance variables'') tend to benefit the nonliving things (Funnell and Sheridan, 1992;Stewart et al, 1992;Tippett et al, 1996). A second disadvantage concerns the fact that the naming performance of control participants in most of the AD studies is invariably at ceiling or near a ceiling effect Moreno-Martínez and Laws, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

Moreno-Martínez¹,

Laws

Schulz

2008

Cortex

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AgingCategory specific Semantics Sex differences APOE a b s t r a c t A category specific effect in naming tasks has been reported in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Nonetheless, naming tasks are frequently affected by methodological problems, e.g. ceiling effects for controls and ''nuisance variables'' that may confound results.Semantic fluency tasks could help to address some of these methodological difficulties, because they are not prone to producing ceiling effects and are less influenced by nuisance variables. One hundred and thirty-three participants (61 patients with probable AD; and 72 controls: 36 young and 36 elderly) were evaluated with semantic fluency tasks in 14 semantic categories. Category fluency was affected both by dementia and by age: while in nonliving-thing categories there were differences among the three groups, in living thing categories larger lexical categories produced bigger differences among groups. Sex differences in fluency emerged, but these were moderated both by age and by pathology. In particular, fluency was smaller in female than male Alzheimer patients for almost every subcategory.

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“…The interpretation of data in these studies is also problematic because the familiarity of items tested in the living and non-living conditions is not closely matched. As has been pointed out by Funnell and Sheridan (1992) and Stewart, Parkin, and Hunkin (1992), the familiarity of an object may be an important determinant of the extent to which its conceptual representation is degraded as a result of brain damage. Although there are reasons to doubt whether familiarity will turn out to be the sole predictor of patterns of impairment, with no role for other factors such as semantic category or type of semantic property (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Leopards Lose Their Spots: Knowledge of Visual Properties in Category-specific Deficits for Living Things

Moss¹,

Tyler²,

Jennings³

1997

Cognitive Neuropsychology

113

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Several cases of category-specific semantic deficits for living things have now been reported, most of whom have a greater difficulty with knowledg e of visual properties of living things than with non-visual properties. This has motivated two different kinds of account of category-specific deficits for living things. One account is that the impairment for living things arises as a result of general damage to visual properties, and so it predicts that impairment for visual properties of living things will be accompanied by some degree of impairment for visual properties of other categories. The second account posits explicit category-based organisation of semantic memory, such that visual properties of living and non-living things are stored separately, and so can be independently impaired. We investigated the semantic impairment of a patient SE, who had received a diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis several years previously, resulting in a mild category-specific semantic deficit for living things. Both off-line and on-line tasks revealed that SE had a highly selective impairment for the visual properties of living things, with no sign of problems for the visual properties of non-living things. This raises a challenge for models in which category-specific deficits emerge as a result of a general deficit determined by some other factor. We suggest one way in which these models may account for the data by encoding inter-relations between the function and form of objects in semantic memory.

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Naming Impairments following Recovery from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Category-Specific?

Cited by 201 publications

References 18 publications

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

When Leopards Lose Their Spots: Knowledge of Visual Properties in Category-specific Deficits for Living Things

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