Named species and hosts of Sarcocystis (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae)

Levine, Norman D.; Tadros, Wedad

doi:10.1007/bf00015094

Cited by 82 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…A definite species-specific identification cannot be made because at least three species of Sarcocystis are known to infect cattle. They are: S. cruzi (cattle-canid cycle), S. hirsuta (cattle-felid cycle), and S. horninis (cattle-primate cycle) [9]. Of these three species, only S. cruzi is known to be pathogenic.…”

Section: Brief Communication 3 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis as a Cause of Placentitis and Abortion in Cattle

Dubey¹,

Bergeron²

1982

Vet Pathol

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Certain species of Sarcocystis can cause abortion in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs [l-8, 9, 11, 121. The diagnosis of Sarcocystis-induced abortion is difficult to confirm because the organisms rarely are found in fetal tissues or fetal membranes [l, 2, 4, 7, 8, 121. We report a case of Sarcocystis-induced abortion and describe the development of the parasite in bovine fetal tissues and placenta.An adult, multiparous Hereford cow from Frenchtown, Montana, aborted a near-term, female calf weighing approximately 18 kg on 4 March 1981. The calf was necropsied by a veterinary practitioner, and he submitted fresh specimens of fetal lung, liver, kidney, spleen, abomasal content, and placental cotyledon, as well as pieces of lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and cotyledon fmed in 10% buffered formalin to the Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.The abomasal content was cultured on tryptose blood (bovine) agar, tryptose agar with antibiotics (with and without crystal violet), and tryptic soy semisolid media. Gram-stained direct smears also were examined. No significant pathogenic bacteria were isolated or identified. Inoculum prepared from fetal lung and spleen did not produce any cytopathogenic effect during three successive passages in bovine kidney tissue cultures. Fluorescent antibodystained frozen sections of fetal kidney were negative for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.Formalin-fxed tissues were trimmed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 pm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Giemsa's stain, and periodic acid-Schiff hematoxylin (PASH). Pieces of lung, kidney, and cotyledon also were embedded in glycol methacrylate, sectioned at 3 pm, and stained with HE.The fetal organs were autolyzed, but the placenta was well preserved. Multiple foci of necrosis were seen in the placenta, mainly involving lamina propria ( fig. 1). There was a mild polymorphonuclear leukocyte and a mononuclear cell infiltrate in the lamina propria of cotyledonary villi and an increase in macrophages in the deeper vascular portions of the lamina propria. Protozoa were seen in the lamina propria of villi and in small arteries of the vascular lamina propria.Focal mononuclear cell infiltrates and necrosis were present in glomeruli and in intertubular connective tissue in cortex and medulla, and protozoa were seen in endothelial cells of glomeruli and arterioles in the renal medulla ( fig. 2). There were extensive congestion and edema in the lung with focal interlobular hemorrhages and focal vasculitis involving media and adventitia. Protozoa were present in endothelial cells of capillaries and small arteries. Spleen and liver were autolyzed and no significant lesions were seen.The aborting cow was clinically normal. Serum, taken from the cow eight days after abortion, was analyzed for antibodies to Sarcocystis cruzi antigen by the hemagglutination test [lo], Toxoplasma gondii by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, Brucella abortus by the plate agglutination test, Leptospira by the microagglutination test, infectious bovine rhinotracheiti...

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Section: Brief Communication 3 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis as a Cause of Placentitis and Abortion in Cattle

Dubey¹,

Bergeron²

1982

Vet Pathol

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“…While Sarcocystis has been described in a wide range of mammals and birds, it appears to be uncommon in ectothermia, and investigations concerning reptiles are scarce (Levine and Tadros 1980;Matuschka 1987;Paperna 2002). On the other hand, reports on Egyptian reptiles are very few (Abdel-Ghaffar et al 1990;Sakran 2000;AbdelAziz 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sarcocystis acanthocolubri sp. n. infecting three lizard species of the genus Acanthodactylus and the problem of host specificity. Light and electron microscopic study

et al. 2011

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In the present investigation, macroscopic sarcocysts of Sarcocystis acanthocolubri were observed in muscles of 42 (4.3%) out of 975 Acanthodactylus sp. lizards collected from different geographical areas in Egypt. The infection rate was 6.4% in Acanthodactylus boskianus, 2.1% in Acanthodactylus sculentus, and 5% in Acanthodactylus paradalis. The highest infection rate was recorded in the lizards captured from Baltem (10% in A. boskianus and 8% in A. paradalis). The infection rate was usually higher in females (7.4%) than in males (3.8%). Moreover, the highest infection rate was recorded in summer (7.53%), autumn (3.57%), and spring (3.11%), and the lowest was recorded in winter (0.91%). Also, old animals had higher infection rates (10.8%) than young ones (0-2.7%). Macrocysts measured 0.95 × 10.12 mm. Both macroscopic and microscopic sarcocysts were enclosed only by a primary cyst wall, which had many finger-like, stalkless, and non-branched protrusions giving it a striated appearance. The primary cyst wall measured 3.9 μm. A dark granulated ground substance was found directly underneath the protrusions and is extended interiorly dividing the cyst cavity into many compartments containing the parasites (metrocytes and merozoites). Metrocytes were found directly under the ground substance and usually multiply asexually by endodyogeny producing two merozoites from each metrocyte. Both metrocytes and merozoites had the apical complex structures characteristic to the genus Sarcocystis. Transmission experiments with three snake species indicated that the snake Spalerosophis diadema is the proper final host belonging to the family Colubridae. The prepatent period was 16 days, while the patent period was 35 days. The results obtained from the present investigation revealed that this is a new species which was named Sarcocystis acanthocolubri.

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“…As an outcome of this mistake MachuPskij (1947) and Levchenko (1963) and Kirghizia (S. capreoli), because they believed there would not have been described any species of Sarcocystis from Capreolus yet. The incorrect ascription of the host for S. gracilis was repeated also by Kalyakin and Zasukhin (1975) and Levine and Tadros (1980) in important review papers on Sarcocystis and corrected only by Levine (1986Levine ( , 1988 (as a mistake of the summarizing literature). In the original literature this mistake was not made (with the exception of Blazek et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assign it near S. sebeki (cf. Tadros and Laarman 1976, 1979, 1980, 1982, because it is Figs. 6, 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%