Naloxone prolongs cutaneous nociceptive block by lidocaine in rats

Chen, Yu Wen; Shieh, Ja Ping; Liu, Kuo Sheng; Wang, Jhi Joung; Hung, Ching Hsia

doi:10.1111/fcp.12302

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The degree of analgesia was assessed in experiment 2 using three parameters: %MPE (percent of maximal possible effect), duration of action, and areas under the curve (AUCs) (8 mice per group). Following the method described in a previous study (Chen et al 2017 ), the cutaneous analgesic effect was evaluated by measuring the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR) response. This response is characterized by the reflex movement of the skin over the back, which is triggered by twitches of the lateral thoracospinal muscle upon local dorsal cutaneous stimulation at specific time points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on the effect of dopamine vs phenylephrine in improving the cutaneous analgesic effect of mexiletine in rats

et al. 2023

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Background The present study aimed to compare the effects of the combined administration of two adjuvants, dopamine and phenylephrine, on the cutaneous analgesic effect and duration of mexiletine in rats. Methods Nociceptive blockage was evaluated by the inhibition of response to skin pinpricks in rats via the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR). After subcutaneous injection, the analgesic activities of mexiletine in the absence and presence of either dopamine or phenylephrine were assessed. Each injection was standardized into 0.6 ml with a mixture of drugs and saline. Results Subcutaneous injections of mexiletine successfully induced dose-dependent cutaneous analgesia in rats. The results revealed that rats injected with 1.8 μmol mexiletine exhibited 43.75% blockage (%MPE), while rats injected with 6.0 μmol mexiletine showed 100% blockage. Co-application of mexiletine (1.8 or 6.0 μmol) with dopamine (0.06, 0.60, or 6.00 μmol) elicited full sensory block (%MPE). Sensory blockage ranged from 81.25% to 95.83% in rats injected with mexiletine (1.8 μmol) and phenylephrine (0.0059 or 0.0295 μmol), and complete subcutaneous analgesia was observed in rats injected with mexiletine (1.8 μmol) and a higher concentration of phenylephrine (0.1473 μmol). Furthermore, mexiletine at 6.0 μmol completely blocked nociception when combined with any concentration of phenylephrine, while 0.1473 μmol phenylephrine alone exhibited 35.417% subcutaneous analgesia. The combined application of dopamine (0.06/0.6/6 μmol) and mexiletine (1.8/6 μmol) resulted in increased %MPE, complete block time, full recovery time, and AUCs compared to the combined application of phenylephrine (0.0059 and 0.1473 μmol) and mexiletine (1.8/6 μmol) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Dopamine is superior to phenylephrine in improving sensory blockage and enhancing the duration of nociceptive blockage by mexiletine.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on the effect of dopamine vs phenylephrine in improving the cutaneous analgesic effect of mexiletine in rats

et al. 2023

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“…The CTMR was defined as a skin "shrug" in response to a pinprick applied on the rat's back. Cutaneous analgesia was calculated based on the blockade of the CTMRs [21,22]. A neurobehavioral examiner did not know the groups and was responsible for all neurobehavioral assessments.…”

Section: Neurobehavioral Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphazoline and oxymetazoline are superior to epinephrine in enhancing the cutaneous analgesia of lidocaine in rats

Chou

Chiu

Zhu

et al. 2022

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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This study observed the cutaneous analgesic effect of adrenergic agonists when combined with lidocaine. We aimed at the usefulness of four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine as analgesics or as tools to prolong the effect of local anesthetics using a model of cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (pinprick pain) in rats. We showed that subcutaneous four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine, as well as the local anesthetic bupivacaine and lidocaine, developed a concentration-dependent cutaneous analgesia. The rank order of the efficacy of different compounds (ED 50 ; median effective dose) was epinephrine [0.013 (0.012-0.014 [5.86 (5.11-6.72) μmol] > tetrahydrozoline [6.76 (6.21-7.36) μmol]. The duration of full recovery caused by tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, or xylometazoline was greater (P < 0.01) than that induced via epinephrine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, or naphazoline at equianesthetic doses (ED 25 , ED 50 , and ED 75 ). Co-administration of lidocaine (ED 50 ) with four adrenergic agonists or epinephrine enhanced the cutaneous analgesic effect. We observed that four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine induce analgesia by themselves, and such an effect has a longer duration than local anesthetics. Coadministration of lidocaine with the adrenergic agonist enhances the analgesic effect, and the cutaneous analgesic effect of lidocaine plus naphazoline (or oxymetazoline) is greater than that of lidocaine plus epinephrine. K E Y W O R D S epinephrine, infiltrative cutaneous analgesia, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline 1 | INTRODUCTION Local anesthetics are drugs used to produce peripheral nerve block, neuraxial anesthesia, intravenous anesthesia, and skin infiltration anesthesia by suppressing voltage-gated sodium channel activity [1]. However, local anesthetics are restricted because of their short duration of anesthesia or analgesia [2]. To prolong the Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; AUC, area under the curve; CTMR, cutaneous trunci muscle reflex; ED 25 , 25% effective dose; ED 50 , median effective dose; ED 75 , 75% effective dose; ED 95 , 95% effective dose;

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Adrenergic agonists and antagonists enhance opioid receptor activity

Root‐Bernstein

2022

The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain

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Naloxone prolongs cutaneous nociceptive block by lidocaine in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

A comparative study on the effect of dopamine vs phenylephrine in improving the cutaneous analgesic effect of mexiletine in rats

A comparative study on the effect of dopamine vs phenylephrine in improving the cutaneous analgesic effect of mexiletine in rats

Naphazoline and oxymetazoline are superior to epinephrine in enhancing the cutaneous analgesia of lidocaine in rats

Adrenergic agonists and antagonists enhance opioid receptor activity

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