Naloxone Buyers Club: Overlooked Critical Public Health Infrastructure for Preventing Overdose Deaths

Abstract

BackgroundCommunity-based naloxone distribution is an evidence-based pillar of overdose prevention. Since 2012, the naloxone Buyers Club facilitated purchase of low-cost naloxone by harm reduction and syringe service programs, the primary conduits for reaching people who use drugs. This innovative purchasing and mutual aid network has not been previously described.MethodsWe analyzed transactional records of naloxone orders (2017-2020, n=965), a survey of current Buyers Club members (2020, n=104), and mutual aid requests (2021, n=86).ResultsBetween 2017 and 2020, annual orders for naloxone increased 2.6-fold. 114 unique harm reduction programs from 40 states placed orders for 3,714,110 vials of 0.4 mg/mL generic naloxone through the Buyers Club. States with most orders were: Arizona (600,000 vials), Illinois (576,800), Minnesota (347,450), California (317,200), North Carolina (315,040). Among programs that ordered naloxone in 2020, 52% (n=32) received no federal funding and ordered half as much as funded programs. During the 2021 shortage, mutual aid redistribution was common, with 80% participating as either a donor or recipient. Among 59 mutual aid requestors, 59% (n=35) were willing to accept expired naloxone; the clear preference was for generic injectable naloxone, 95% (n=56).ConclusionsThe naloxone Buyers Club is a critical element of overdose prevention infrastructure. Yet, barriers from corporate compliance officers and federal prescription-only status impede access. These barriers can be reduced by FDA removing the prescription requirement for naloxone and government funding for harm reduction programs.

Implementing a decentralized opioid overdose prevention strategy in Mexico, a pending public policy issue

“…Rather, an active process to ensure the acquisition of the medicine into the hands of people most at risk is needed and encouraged. 70 …”

The policy landscape for naloxone distribution in four states highly impacted by fatal opioid overdoses

“…Several state and organizational initiatives have emerged to keep the costs of naloxone down for community OEND programs with some states having policies allowing for bulk purchasing of naloxone ( Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 2022 ) and special contracts with pharmaceutical companies ( NYS Department of Health, 2021 ). Harm reduction organizations have joined together to increase leverage for price negotiation in the face of increasing naloxone prices ( Doe-Simkins et al, 2022 ). In addition to funding, legal barriers may exist for community OEND programs.…”