Naloxone attenuates the conditioned place preference induced by wheel running in rats

Lett, Bow Tong; Grant, Virginia L.; Koh, Ming Teng

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00427-3

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We conclude that from P18 onward either of these measures can be chosen depending on the experimental needs, provided that infant-adult differences in exact diurnal patterns and perturbability are taken into consideration. Adults perform wheel running because it is rewarding (Lett, Grant, Byrne, & Koh, 2000;Lett, Grant, & Koh, 2001;Werme et al, 2002;Werme, Thoren, Olson, & Brene, 2000); the increased wheel running over 24 hr generally supports the idea that infants also find wheel running rewarding.Our data accord with that demonstrating diurnal activity patterns in adults and newly demonstrate that the infants differ in key details from adult patterns. All the differences noted in infant-adult diurnal rhythms are equally apparent with both the locomotor and running wheel measures.…”

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confidence: 68%

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Infant rats emerge from the maternal nest at Postnatal Day 17-18 to have their first critical environmental experiences; they may be particularly sensitive to experiences or experimental interventions that can affect their adult capacity. The authors address open questions on 2 components of normative environmental exploration, locomotor activity and response to anxiety-provoking locations, in Postnatal Day 18 infant and Postnatal Day 60 adult rats. The authors compare diurnal patterns of locomotor activity, wheel running, novel and familiar open-field activity, and 2 measures of anxiety. Infants have an equivalent capacity to adults for locomotor activity and wheel running and a fundamentally adult-like diurnal rhythm, except that they do not anticipate light-dark transitions, are more perturbable at their most somnolent, and are more or less active during specific limited phases than adults. Infants initially have a lower rate of locomotor activity in novel environments and have a greater willingness to be active in anxiety-provoking locations. Such differences may allow enhanced gathering of environmental information by the infant and are important to consider in the design of experiments using infants. Keywordsinfant; adult; exploration; activity; anxiety In humans, late childhood and adolescence is the period when drug sampling and experimentation first begins (Brown & Tapert 2004;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005;Spear, 2000;Turner, Mermelstein, & Flay, 2004), when clinical mental health disorders requiring pharmacologic intervention, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emerge (Andersen, 2003;Andersen, Arvanitogiannis, Pliakas, LeBlanc, & Carlezon, 2002), and when the central nervous system (CNS) is readily shaped by many stimuli, often with long-lasting consequences. Ultimately, studies using immature animals may inform us about human disorders with early life origins (e.g., hyperactivity) and may inform the beneficial use of pharmacological treatments. Further, these studies may provide insight into the effects of preadolescent sampling of drugs of abuse (Dahl & Spear, 2004).Prior to achieving sexual maturity between Postnatal Days (P) 55-60, immature rats are either infants (P1-P28) or adolescents (P28-P55; Ojeda & Urbanski, 1988;Spear, 2000). Infant rats are vigilantly kept in the protective maternal nest by their mothers until around P17-P18 (Barnett, 1958;Galef & Clark, 1972; Pereira & Morrell, 2007;Small, 1899), when they are allowed out into their larger environment. At this point, they have full motor and sensory capacity (Moorcroft, Lyttle, & Campbell, 1971). Experiences at this point readily produce longCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kiersten S. Smith, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102. E-mail: kismith@pegasus.rutgers.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript term effects; enriched environments lead...

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confidence: 68%

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Although opioid agonists generally increase locomotion in laboratory animals [50], opioid antagonists have generally had little effect on the amount of locomotion in open-field tests [51,52]. In contrast, voluntary wheel running [53] and conditioned place preference produced by wheel running [54] in animals that have established the behavior, as well as the initial acquisition of wheel running behavior [55] are all attenuated by opioid receptor antagonists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of liking and reinforcing value with children's physical activity

Roemmich

Barkley

Lobarinas

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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Roemmich, J.N., J.E. Barkley, L.H. Epstein, C.L. Lobarinas, J.H. Foster, and T.M. White: Association of Liking and Reinforcing Value with Children's Physical Activity. Physiol Behav 00 (0) 000-000, 2007 -This study determined whether liking and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of physical activity were associated with time youth spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Boys (n = 21) and girls (n = 15) age 8 to 12 years were measured for height, weight, aerobic fitness, liking and RRV of physical activity, and minutes in MVPA using accelerometers. Independence of liking and RRV of physical activity was established by a low correlation (r = 0.08, p = 0.64). Using MVPA as the dependent variable and hierarchical regression to control for individual differences in age, aerobic fitness, and time the accelerometer was worn in step 1 (R 2 of 0.60 for step 1), addition of liking and RRV of physical activity in step 2 produced an incremental increase in R 2 of 0.12 (p < 0.01). When using median splits of the RRV and liking data to form subject groups, children with both a high liking and RRV of physical activity participated in greater (p ≤ 0.02) MVPA (1340 ± 70 min/week) than children with high RRV-low liking (1040 ± 95 min/week), low RRVhigh liking (978 ± 88 min/week), or low RRV-low liking (1007 ± 68 min/week) of physical activity. Thus, liking and RRV of physical activity are independently associated with MVPA. The combination of a high reinforcing value and liking of physical activity is associated with 33% greater participation in MVPA.

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“…The decrease in running could be mediated by a variety of mechanisms. It is possible that the opioid antagonists blocked the reward [62,[64][65][66] from wheel running, thus causing reduced motivation for running. However, as discussed above, it is unlikely that the opioid antagonists affected motivation to run because in this case, High-Runner mice should have responded differently than controls because of differences in motivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%