Naja nigricollis venom altered reproductive and neurological functions via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage in male rats

Ajisebiola, Babafemi Siji; Adeniji, Olukemi Blessing; James, Adewale Segun; Ajayi, Babajide O.; Adeyi, Akindele Oluwatosin

doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100188

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In rats, under these conditions, atrophy of the tubular epithelium of the testis, a significant decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells, their necrosis, and distortion of the structure of the germinal epithelium were detected. In the tissue of the organ, a decrease in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and an increase in the level of malondialdehyde, IL-1β, TNF-α were noted [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of the microscopic structure of rat testis under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom

Niyazmetov

2023

Rep. of Morph.

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Morpho-functional changes in the organs of the male reproductive system are usually associated with injuries, infectious diseases, age, lifestyle, the presence of bad habits (abuse of alcohol, drugs), the influence of environmental factors, etc. However, the action of natural toxins, in particular those that are components of animal venoms, including the venoms of snakes and vipers, is no less important. The aim of the research is to study the features of the microscopic structure of the testis of rats under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom. Experimental studies were carried out on white non-linear male rats. Animals were conditionally divided into two groups – control and experimental, 10 individuals in each. Experimental rats were injected intraperitoneally with a semi-lethal dose (LD50) (1.576 mg/g-1) of Vipera berus berus venom in physiological solution. Animals of the control group were injected intraperitoneally with only saline solution. Rats were removed from the experiment 24 hours after exposure of the venom, anesthetized by cervical dislocation. Testis samples were taken for microscopic examination. Fixation of the material and preparation of paraffin blocks were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Staining of histological preparations of the testis was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological preparations were studied using a SEO SСAN light microscope. Administration of Vipera berus berus venom to rats leads to the development of pathogistological changes in the parenchymal elements of the testis of animals, among which desquamation and disorganization of all stages of spermatogenic cells development, disruption of spermatogenesis processes were the most pronounced. Spermatogenic cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis were distinguished by changes in morphology and location, lost the regularity of their placement, and their number decreased. The cells detached from the basement membrane and did not form a continuous layer. A characteristic feature was the presence of clusters of erythrocytes in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, which may indicate the development of hemorrhagic complications. In addition, an increase in the number of Leydig cells was detected, which is probably the cause of changes in the hormonal regulation of the organ's function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of the microscopic structure of rat testis under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom

Niyazmetov

2023

Rep. of Morph.

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“…Additionally, the venom contains phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), which can lead to tissue necrosis and permanent disabilities [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Other components of cobra venom, such as hyaluronidases (HYA), metallo- (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP), secretory proteins rich in cysteine (CRiSPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), nucleases (NUCs), hyaluronidases (HYA), nerve growth factors (NGFs), and venom factors cobra (CVFs), may have hemorrhagic, anticoagulant [ 12 ], pro-inflammatory [ 13 , 14 ], or immunogenic [ 15 ] properties [ 16 ]. Envenomation by Naja haje can result in systemic neurotoxicity and local tissue necrosis, leading to severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, convulsions, blood clotting disorders, and cardiorespiratory impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Efficacy of Monovalent and Commercialized Antivenoms for Neutralizing Moroccan Cobra Naja haje Venom: A Comparative Study

Khourcha,

Hilal,

Elbejjaj

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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In Morocco, eight species of venomous snakes belonging to the Viperidae and Elapidae families are responsible for severe envenomation cases. The species from the Elapidae family is only represented by the medically relevant cobra Naja haje, which is widely distributed in North Africa. However, there is little information on the systemic effects of Moroccan cobra venom on vital organs due to regional variations. It has been demonstrated that the venom of Naja haje from Egypt causes hemorrhage, while the venom of the Moroccan cobra is neurotoxic and devoid of systemic bleeding. This variability is known to significantly influence treatment efficacy against Naja haje cobra bites in the Middle East. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the lethality induced by Naja haje venom, as well as the evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of two antivenoms; the monospecific antivenom made for Naja haje only and the antivenom marketed in the Middle East and North Africa. We first determined the toxicity of Naja haje venom by LD50 test, then compared the neutralizing capacity of the two antivenoms studied by determining the ED50. We also performed histological analysis on Swiss mice envenomed and treated with these antivenoms to observe signs of cobra venom envenomation and the degree of reduction of induced systemic alterations. The results showed significant differences between both antivenoms in terms of neutralization. The monospecific antivenom was four times more effective than the marketed antivenom. These results were confirmed by a histological study, which showed that monospecific antivenoms neutralized severe signs of mortality, such as congestion of blood vessels in the heart and kidneys, pulmonary and renal edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes in the liver, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain and spleen. However, the polyvalent antivenom failed to protect all severe lesions induced by Naja haje venom in mice. These findings highlight the negative impact of geographic variation on the effectiveness of conventional antivenom therapy and confirm the need for a specific Naja haje antivenom for the effective treatment of cobra envenomation in Morocco.

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An in vivo assessment of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Echis ocellatus-venom induced cardiotoxicity

et al. 2022

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Naja nigricollis venom altered reproductive and neurological functions via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage in male rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Peculiarities of the microscopic structure of rat testis under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom

Peculiarities of the microscopic structure of rat testis under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom

Assessing the Efficacy of Monovalent and Commercialized Antivenoms for Neutralizing Moroccan Cobra Naja haje Venom: A Comparative Study

An in vivo assessment of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Echis ocellatus-venom induced cardiotoxicity

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