Naïve Human Antibody Libraries for Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Many countries are facing an uphill battle in combating the spread of infectious diseases. The constant evolution of microorganisms magnifies the problem as it facilitates the re-emergence of old infectious diseases as well as promote the introduction of new and more deadly variants. Evidently, infectious diseases have contributed to an alarming rate of mortality worldwide making it a growing concern. Historically, antibodies have been used successfully to prevent and treat infectious diseases since the nineteenth century using antisera collected from immunized animals. The inherent ability of antibodies to trigger effector mechanisms aids the immune system to fight off pathogens that invades the host. Immune libraries have always been an important source of antibodies for infectious diseases due to the skewed repertoire generated post infection. Even so, the role and ability of naïve antibody libraries should not be underestimated. The naïve repertoire has its own unique advantages in generating antibodies against target antigens. This chapter will highlight the concept, advantages and application of human naïve libraries as a source to isolate antibodies against infectious disease target antigens.

Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications

“…IgNARs can be produced either by immunized, non-immunized [32][33][34] or semisynthetic library form [35,36]. The desired gene of the shark antibody can be inserted into bacteria after insertion into a vector as a transporting agent.…”

Protein design and variant prediction using autoregressive generative models

“…We then trained our validated statistical method on naïve nanobody repertoires 57 as naïve antibody repertoires have been shown to have functional sequences with the capacity to target diverse antigens 58 and used it to generate probable sequences. In this manner, we designed a sequence library that is 1000-fold smaller than state-of-art synthetic libraries but has an almost twofold higher expression level, from which we identified a candidate binder for affinity maturation.…”

Application of recombinant antibodies for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Current status and future perspective

“…For this approach diverse antibody gene libraries are used ( 48 , 80 ). Typically, the recombinant antibody libraries are constructed from different sources, including B cell repertoire derived from an immunized donor (immune libraries) ( 81 , 82 ), pre-immune repertoires (naive libraries) ( 81 , 83 , 84 ), and synthetic design (synthetic libraries) ( 85 , 86 ). Immune libraries are usually constructed to select a specific antibody against a target antigen in medical research ( 87 ) and exhibit more advantages than naive display libraries, including the increased likelihood of selecting antibodies with high affinity/stability, and in vivo affinity maturation ( 88 ).…”