Naïve domestic Bos taurus calves recognize the scent of a canine predator

Adcock, Sarah; Tucker, Cassandra B.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.009

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The acoustic startle stimulus prompted a flight response lasting 1 to 4 s in all calves, indicating that the noise was processed as a threat. Using the same paradigm as in the present study, we have previously shown that a threatening stimulus, predator odour, increases the acoustic startle response in calves compared to odour of water or an unfamiliar herbivore 19 . The startle magnitudes observed in the previous study were 3 × higher than those reported here due to methodological differences in how startle was defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…We used an acoustic startle paradigm to determine whether disbudded calves exhibited more defensive behaviour (i.e., startle response) and an accompanying reduction in risky behaviour (i.e., feeding) in the immediate hours after disbudding, and 3 weeks later during healing. We have previously used this paradigm to demonstrate that calves were more risk-averse in the presence of a predator odour, startling more to an acoustic stimulus and delaying return to a milk reward, compared to calves exposed to non-threatening odours 19 . Thus, we predicted that compared to non-injured controls, disbudded calves would (1) have a higher magnitude and duration of the startle response, (2) take longer to return to a milk reward and spend less time suckling after startling, and that (3) this effect would be greatest in the immediate hours after disbudding, but continue to persist during the healing period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury alters motivational trade-offs in calves during the healing period

Adcock

Tucker

2021

Sci Rep

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Injury can produce long-lasting motivational changes that may alter decisions made under risk. Our objective was to determine whether a routine painful husbandry procedure, hot-iron disbudding, affects how calves trade off risk avoidance against a competing motivation (i.e., feeding), and whether this response depends on time since injury. We used a startle test to evaluate this trade-off in calves disbudded 0 or 21 days previously and non-injured control calves. For 3 days, calves were individually habituated to the testing arena in which they received a 0.5 L milk meal via a rubber teat. On the 4th day, upon approaching the milk reward, the calf was startled by a sudden noise. We assessed the duration and magnitude of the calf’s startle response, their latency to return to the milk bottle, and duration spent suckling after startling. No treatment differences were observed in the duration and magnitude of the startle response or in the probability of returning to the bottle after startling. However, among those who did return, disbudded calves spent longer suckling, indicating they accepted more risk in order to feed compared to controls. In addition, calves with 21-day-old injuries tended to return to the bottle faster compared to newly disbudded calves and controls. We suggest that hot-iron disbudding increases calves’ motivation to suckle, as they were more likely to prioritize this behaviour over risk avoidance compared to control calves. This effect was most evident 21 days after disbudding, indicating that injury can produce long-term changes in motivational state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury alters motivational trade-offs in calves during the healing period

Adcock

Tucker

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Istotne jest więc przyjmowanie odpowiednich kryteriów i metod podczas prowadzenia badań. Po pierwsze, niezbędna jest ocena możliwości dotychczasowej konfrontacji osobnika z danym drapieżnikiem, a po drugie, zastosowanie właściwej próby kontrolnej w trakcie eksperymentu -sygnałów pochodzących od neutralnych dla danego gatunku zwierząt drapieżnych (1,57,81). Wszelkie procesy poznawcze, a zatem i elementy pamięci, składają się z sieci neuronów korowych, które powstały czy to na drodze doświadczeń gatunku, czy też doświadczeń indywidualnych w trakcie rozwoju osobniczego (34).…”

Section: Fenomen Pamięci Filogenetycznejunclassified

“…Autorzy różnych badań osiągają odmienne wyniki w zakresie zachowywania i zanikania behawioru antydrapieżniczego (12,65). Liczne publikacje poruszają problem domestykacji, która mogła wpłynąć na osłabienie behawioru obronnego w związku ze zredukowanym postrzeganiem zmysłowym, obniżeniem płochliwości i orientacji w przestrzeni czy większą łagodnością i tolerancją zwierząt na stres (1,37,39,47,52). W badaniu przeprowadzonym przez Künzl i wsp.…”

Section: Trwałość Behawioru Antydrapieżniczegounclassified

“…Niedoświadczone zwierzę uczy się bowiem prawidłowej identyfikacji, nawet jeśli bodziec bezwarunkowy (drapieżnik) poprzedza ekspozycję na bodziec warunkowy (sygnał wskazujący na obecność drapieżnika). Inni autorzy podkreślają wrodzony charakter tej umiejętności (1,4,10,40,49,78) oraz sugerują kompromis pomiędzy nabytym a dziedzicznym wyzwalaniem reakcji obronnej. Wówczas to doświadczenia nabyte w trakcie rozwoju osobniczego wzmacniają zdolności wrodzone (40,63,81).…”

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Practical importance of anti-predatory behavior research in keeping farm animals

Janicka¹,

Wilk²

2022

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The care and livestock management requires knowledge of the behavioral reactivity of the kept species. Domestic ungulates have evolved as prey, so their survival in the wild depended on early detection of a potential threat and then taking a quick response. There are numerous studies into antipredatory behavior concerning a wide range of animal taxa. They predominantly focus on conflict between innate and acquired predator recognition and the influence of various factors on the retain or gradual loss of defense mechanisms against predators. The authors of multiple studies suggest the practical use of research results in areas such as medicine, agriculture and conservancy. The promising effects of these experiments should encourage the research development in this field among farm animals. The aim of the article is to introduce the research findings of antipredatory behavior and to determine their implications in farm animals breeding.

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