Nails Analysis for Drugs Used in the Context of Chemsex: A Pilot Study*

Busardò, Francesco Paolo; Gottardi, Massimo; Pacifici, Roberta; Varı̀, Maria Rosaria; Tini, Anastasio; Volpe, Anna; Giorgetti, Raffaele; Pichini, Simona

doi:10.1093/jat/bkz009

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Given these practical aspects, nails have been proposed as an alternative to hair in forensic and clinical toxicology. 18 Incorporation of substances into nails mainly occurs through diffusion from blood vessels in both vertically (from the nail bed) and horizontally (from the germinal matrix) during nail formation. 19 Nails grow at a continuous rate and the average growth rate agreement on the exact window of detection of nail clipping (which can lead to tedious discussions) and each laboratory has to establish its own range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overseas shipping is easy and there is less risk of destruction in comparison with the liquid blood or urine. Given these practical aspects, nails have been proposed as an alternative to hair in forensic and clinical toxicology 18 . Incorporation of substances into nails mainly occurs through diffusion from blood vessels in both vertically (from the nail bed) and horizontally (from the germinal matrix) during nail formation 19 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of S22 (ostarine) in human nails and hair using LC‐HRMS. Application to two authentic cases

Kintz

Gheddar

Ameline

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Ostarine, also known as S22 or MK2866 and enobosarm, is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). It has high anabolic potency, in addition to limited androgenic effects. At this time, ostarine has no therapeutic use, but can be abused for performance-enhancing purposes using the oral route, at dosages of 10-25 mg per day. As the drug can easily be obtained via the Internet or some fitness centers, athletes and more and more amateurs can use it without undergoing the deleterious physiological side effects that are generally associated with testosterone-related compounds. Since 2008, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited SARMs at-all-times in the category of "other anabolic agents" under section S1.2 of the WADA List. In a case of trafficking/abuse, ostarine was identified in nail (subject 1) and hair (subject 2) by LC/HRMS after incubation of 50 mg of matrix in a pH 9.5 buffer, followed by extraction with organic solvents. The drug was quantitated by LC-MS/MS. Ostarine tested positive at 61 pg/mg (toenails) and 111 pg/mg (fingernails) for subject 1. Ostarine was present at 146, 168, 93, and 101 pg/mg in the 4 × 3 cm hair sections of subject 2, clearly demonstrating long-term use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of S22 (ostarine) in human nails and hair using LC‐HRMS. Application to two authentic cases

Kintz

Gheddar

Ameline

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is a complementary test that allows a retrospective investigation of continuous drug use and can be useful to identify in utero drug exposure [9] or new drug practices, such as in the context of Chemsex [21].…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings

Kintz

Gheddar

Raul

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, and their abuse can have numerous health consequences. Identification of this group of drugs has found applications in forensic toxicology, clinical situations, psychiatric disorders, and of course, anti-doping violations. Although anabolic steroids are generally tested in urine and very occasionally in head hair, collectors can face the lack of standard specimens, and therefore, nail clippings can be the unique alternative choice. Although there is How to cite this article: Kintz P, Gheddar L, Raul J-S. Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings.

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“…Cocaine and speed are still used in a sexual context but less frequently since the advent of the new designer drugs (Busardo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ketamine Cocaine and Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Related to Sexualized Drug Use: What Can We Learn From Literature?

et al. 2020

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Chemsex is described as the use of specific psychoactive substances (PS) during sexual activity to sustain, enhance, disinhibit or facilitate the sexual experience. It preferentially concerns men who have sex with men (MSM). They use new synthetic substances like cathinones, methamphetamines, gamma-butyrolactone/gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GBL/GHB), ketamine, and cocaine. The prevalence of chemsex varies from 3 to 31% during lifetime. The Internet has participated significantly in the evolution of sexual behaviors, both in terms of sexual dating and the availability of new synthetic substances. The advent of geolocation applications contributed to the development of chemsex. The literature describes many complications linked to these sexual practices; the main clinical effects related to cathinones consumption were psychiatric symptoms; agitation, hallucinations, anxiety, suicidal ideation, paranoia, and confusion. Regular GBL/GHB consumption alter cognitive functions, particularly memory and emotion management. Use of these drugs in party and play is dramatically associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. The prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C syphilis, and HIV is higher in men who use methamphetamine and Viagra and/or who declared they practiced slamming, chemsex, and fisting. Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea have increased with methamphetamine and GHB/GBL use. Actually, the care of individuals who practice Chemsex in a problematic way is currently not codified, but the use of integrative and specific interventions is necessary.

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Nails Analysis for Drugs Used in the Context of Chemsex: A Pilot Study*

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Identification of S22 (ostarine) in human nails and hair using LC‐HRMS. Application to two authentic cases

Identification of S22 (ostarine) in human nails and hair using LC‐HRMS. Application to two authentic cases

Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings

Complications Related to Sexualized Drug Use: What Can We Learn From Literature?

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