NAFLD, MAFLD, and beyond: one or several acronyms for better comprehension and patient care

Portincasa, Piero

doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03203-0

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…53 Although prolonged fasting is associated with acute hepatic steatosis and increased insulin resistance with further lipotoxicity, 54 this was not the case in the present study, where liver transaminases remained normal, and ultrasonography did not show evidence of bright liver. 55 If Ramadan has beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in humans, is still a matter of debate, since free fatty acids and ketone bodies can have discrepant effects, and most studies have been performed in the animal models or cell lines. 21…”

Section: Effects On Metabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Abdallah,

Khalil,

Farella

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundRamadan is a model of intermittent fasting linked with possible beneficial effects. Scarce information, however, is available about the combined effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometric and metabolic indices, gastrointestinal symptoms, and motility.MethodsIn 21 healthy Muslims, we assessed the impact of RIF on caloric intake, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptoms and motility (gastric/gallbladder emptying by ultrasonography, orocaecal transit time by lactulose breath test), anthropometric indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness (ultrasonography), glucose and lipid homeostasis.ResultsMean caloric intake decreased from a median of 2069 kcal (range 1677–2641) before Ramadan to 1798 kcal (1289–3126) during Ramadan and increased again to 2000 kcal (1309–3485) after Ramadan. Although physical activity remained stable before, during, and after RIF, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in all subjects and in both genders, together with a significant decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness and insulin resistance. The postprandial gastric emptying speed was significantly faster after than before RIF. Fasting gallbladder volume was about 6% smaller after, than before Ramadan, with a stronger and faster postprandial gallbladder contraction. After RIF, lactulose breath test documented increased microbiota carbohydrate fermentation (postprandial H2 peak), and faster orocaecal transit time. RIF also significantly improved gastric fullness, epigastric pain and heartburn.ConclusionsRIF generates, in healthy subjects, multiple systemic beneficial effects in terms of fat burden, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal motility and symptoms. Further comprehensive studies should assess the potential beneficial effects of RIF in diseased people.

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Section: Effects On Metabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Abdallah,

Khalil,

Farella

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…Still, a study reporting not only LPS levels, but also LPS-binding proteins (LBP, EndoCAb IgG, EndoCAb IgM) in T1D in association with clinical risk factors is lacking. Also, no study has reported correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or its surrogate markers with endotoxaemia in T1D, despite the link between MS and NAFLD 21 and the evidence of endotoxaemia in NAFLD in the general population 22 . The latter data would be of high importance, due to increasing prevalence of NAFLD in T1D and its association with complications of T1D 23,24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of endotoxaemia with low grade inflammation, metabolic syndrome and distinct response to lipopolysaccharide in type 1 diabetes

Fedulovs

Pahirko

Jēkabsons

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mechanisms of endotoxaemia as a source of low grade inflammation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not clear enough. We investigated the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb IgG and IgM) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in T1D. 74 patients with T1D and 33 control subjects were included. Higher levels of hsCRP and EndoCAb IgG were observed in T1D compared to control (p = 0.002 and p = 0.091, respectively). LBP (\(\beta\) = 0.29 (0.08; 0.50), p = 0.007), EndoCAb IgG (\(\beta\) = 0.25 (0.04; 0.46), p = 0.019) and LPS were significantly associated with hsCRP in T1D. In contrast to the situation in the control group, LPS did not correlate with LBP, EndoCAb, leukocytes and HDL in T1D. Within T1D group, patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had higher level of LPS compared to patients without MS (MS 0.42 (0.35–0.56), no MS 0.34 (0.3–0.4), p = 0.009) and MS was associated with LPS (OR = 3.3 (1.6; 6.8), p = 0.001) and EndoCAb IgM (OR = 0.43 (0.20; 0.91), p = 0.027). To conclude, endotoxaemia is associated with low grade inflammation, MS and distinct response to LPS in T1D.

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“…Finally, the potential link of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or its surrogate markers with endotoxemia in T1D has not yet been studied. This gap in knowledge should also be filled, as there is evidence of links between MS, NAFLD [24] and endotoxemia in the general population [25]. The latter data would be of high importance due to the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in T1D and its association with the complications of T1D [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Endotoxemia with Low-Grade Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Distinct Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Type 1 Diabetes

Fedulovs,

Pahirko,

Jekabsons

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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The association of endotoxemia with metabolic syndrome (MS) and low-grade inflammation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is little-studied. We investigated the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb IgG and IgM) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 74 T1D patients with different MS statuses and 33 control subjects. Within the T1D group, 31 patients had MS. These subjects had higher levels of LPS compared to patients without MS (MS 0.42 (0.35–0.56) or no MS 0.34 (0.3–0.4), p = 0.009). MS was associated with LPS/HDL (OR = 6.5 (2.1; 20.0), p = 0.036) and EndoCAb IgM (OR = 0.32 (0.11; 0.93), p = 0.036) in patients with T1D. LBP (β = 0.30 (0.09; 0.51), p = 0.005), EndoCAb IgG (β = 0.29 (0.07; 0.51), p = 0.008) and the LPS/HDL ratio (β = 0.19 (0.03; 0.41, p = 0.084) were significantly associated with log-transformed hsCRP in T1D. Higher levels of hsCRP and EndoCAb IgG were observed in T1D compared to the control (p = 0.002 and p = 0.091, respectively). In contrast to the situation in the control group, LPS did not correlate with LBP, EndoCAb, leukocytes or HDL in T1D. To conclude, endotoxemia is associated with low-grade inflammation, MS and a distinct response to LPS in T1D.

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NAFLD, MAFLD, and beyond: one or several acronyms for better comprehension and patient care

Cited by 16 publications

References 147 publications

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Association of endotoxaemia with low grade inflammation, metabolic syndrome and distinct response to lipopolysaccharide in type 1 diabetes

Association of Endotoxemia with Low-Grade Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Distinct Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Type 1 Diabetes

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