NAFLD: A multisystem disease

Byrne, Christopher D.; Targher, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012

Cited by 2,166 publications

(1,770 citation statements)

References 142 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,679

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Patients with NAFLD are known to have an increased risk of both liver-related and cardiovascular disease mortality 7 , but it is unclear how BMI in this patient group influences risk of NAFLD-related mortality. Controversy persists among researchers as to the optimum BMI for lowest mortality in the general population.…”

Section: Standfirst (51 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolically healthy obesity and NAFLD

Targher

Byrne

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Refers to Standfirst (51 words)Obesity is a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases, but some individuals with obesity remain metabolically healthy throughout life; whether these individuals are at risk of developing NAFLD is uncertain. In a new study, Chang et al. showed a statistically significant, graded relationship between BMI and NAFLD in metabolically healthy individuals.Obesity is known to be an important risk factor for a whole range of noncommunicable diseases that include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic obstructive sleep apnoea, various types of cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer, oesophagus and breast cancer after the menopause) and NAFLD. Although the fact that obesity increases risk of certain diseases is well accepted by clinicians, evidence has shown that some individuals who are obese are also metabolically healthy: so-called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO).In a recent retrospective cohort study involving metabolically healthy individuals, Chang et al. found that BMI categories are positively associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD, suggesting that the obese phenotype, regardless of metabolic abnormalities, might increase the risk of developing NAFLD 1 .Increasing evidence suggests that BMI, the most common proxy measure used to help categorize overweight or obesity, is an imprecise measure of body-fat-related risk of noncommunicable diseases. Rather, other features associated with overweight or obesity, such as visceral fat mass, adipose tissue inflammation, adipose tissue function, or factors such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components, might be the key pathogenetic aspects that mediate increased risk of noncommunicable diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity (TABLE 1). Nevertheless, the concept of MHO has gained much interest in the scientific community.MHO is a complex, emerging phenotype with risks intermediate between metabolically healthy individuals with normal-weight and individuals who are metabolically abnormal with obesity (MAO). Compared with metabolically healthy individuals with normal-weight, persons with obesity are at increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and cardiovascular disease events even in the absence of metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that there is no healthy pattern of increased weight 2-4 . However, compared with their peers who are MAO, individuals with MHO have lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality 2-4 . Furthermore, studies suggest that individuals with MHO have similar insulin sensitivity to lean individuals, as well as lower liver fat content and lower intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery compared with individuals who are MAO 5,6 . Agreement on a universally accepted definition of MHO, however, would improve the design of future studies and would facilitate comparisons between studies.Obesity is a much stronger risk factor for T2DM than for cardiovascular disease, suggesting that there could be differential effects of fat mass, fat function or other obesity-rel...

show abstract

Section: Standfirst (51 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolically healthy obesity and NAFLD

Targher

Byrne

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NAFLD is strongly associated with abdominal obesity, T2DM and other clinical features of metabolic syndrome 1,3,6 . Given these strong associations, it is therefore not surprising that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD 3,6 , and that there is also a link between NAFLD and CKD 7 .…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Linking Nafld To Risk Of Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 15 years, it has become increasingly evident that NAFLD is associated not only with liver-related mortality and morbidity, but there is now growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease that affects multiple extra-hepatic organ systems, including the cardiovascular system 6 . In recent years, recognition of the importance of NAFLD and its strong relationship with the metabolic syndrome has stimulated considerable interest in its putative prognostic impact on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Strong evidence indicates that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD [3,4]. As detailed below, there is now also convincing evidence suggesting that NAFLD may often precede the development of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that NAFLD is not only associated with an increased risk of liver-related morbidity or mortality, but also it is a multisystem disease that affects a variety of extra-hepatic organ systems, and interacts with the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways [3]. Strong evidence indicates that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Causal association or epiphenomenon?

Targher

Marchesini

Byrne

2016

Diabetes & Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, causing considerable liverrelated mortality and morbidity. Over the last 10 years, it has also become increasingly evident that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting many extra-hepatic organ systems and interacting with the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. NAFLD is potentially involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes via its direct contribution to hepatic/peripheral insulin resistance and the systemic release of multiple hepatokines that may adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin action and secretion. In this updated review, we discuss the rapidly expanding body of clinical and epidemiological evidence that supports a strong link between NAFLD and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We also briefly examine the conventional and the more innovative pharmacological approaches for the treatment of NAFLD that may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, causing considerable liver-related mortality and morbidity. Over the last 10 years, it has also become increasingly evident that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting many extra-hepatic organ systems and interacting with the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. NAFLD is potentially involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes via its direct contribution to hepatic/peripheral insulin resistance and the systemic release of multiple hepatokines that may adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin action and secretion. In this updated review, we discuss the rapidly expanding body of clinical and epidemiological evidence that supports a strong link between NAFLD and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We also briefly examine the conventional and the more innovative pharmacological approaches for the treatment of NAFLD that may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

show abstract

NAFLD: A multisystem disease

Cited by 2,166 publications

References 142 publications

Metabolically healthy obesity and NAFLD

Metabolically healthy obesity and NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driving force in chronic kidney disease

Risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Causal association or epiphenomenon?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About