Nafion–Nafion/polyvinylidene fluoride–Nafion laminated polymer membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Effects and properties of various molecular weights of poly(propylene oxide) oligomers/Nafion® acid–base blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

“…The first method is developing new synthetic polymeric membranes that have ionic cluster with a small percolation size [4], such as sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) [5,6], poly(arylene ether sulfone) [7,8], and their blends or copolymerizations with other polymeric materials [9][10][11]. The second method is modifying the Nafion ® membranes by surface treatment or by blending them with other polymer materials [12,13].…”

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

“…The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98][99][100][101][102][103][104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105][106][107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108,109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111][112][113][114][115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117][118][119][120][121][122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyaniline (PANI) [125][126][127][128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated β-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132][133][134][135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVI) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140][141]<...>…”

“…Polymers such as PVDF, PBI and PVA, for which there several studies of methanol permeability reported in the literature, are not so easy to classify because values of P r < 0.1 have been measured for PBI [106], PVA [114], and PVdF [118][119][120], but P r > 0.3 has been reported for PBI [107], PVA [112,113], and PVdF [117].…”

“…β r =1 Fig. 6.23 Selectivity plot for Nafion/organic compounds: PPy ( ) [102,103]; PBI ( ) [106,107]; PPO ( ) [108,109], PFA ( ) [110]; PVA ( ) [112][113][114]; PF ( ) [116]; PVdF ( ) [117][118][119][120]; PPV ( ) [123];PVP ( ) [124]; PANI ( ) [126][127][128]; PE ( ) [129]; β-CD ( ) [131]; sPEEK ( ) [133,134]; sPAEK ( ) [136]; sPAES ( ) [137]; PVI ( ) [138]; PVPy ( ) [139]; PTFE ( ) [142]; PFEP ( ) [143]; sPOSS ( ) [144]; PEDT ( ) [145,146]; PR ( ) [147]; PSSA ( ) [150]; SEBS ( ) [151]; AMPS ( ) [152]. Closed symbols correspond to layered composites Nafion membranes treated with supercritical CO 2 become more crystalline and a moderate increase in methanol selectivity is observed [166], although DMFC performance improved significantly [165].…”

Electrospun Poly(Ether Sulfone) Membranes Impregnated with Nafion for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

“…[4][5][6] For the high-temperature PEMFC (HT-PEMFC), it is very important factor to develop the membrane with high proton conductivity and chemical and thermal stability at high temperatures above 100 o C. A perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) has been widely used as a polymer electrolyte membrane of the PEMFC because of its high proton conductivity. 7) Nevertheless, the application of these polymers has been limited due to high cost of their productions and low chemical and thermal stability at the temperatures higher than 80 o C. Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) has been suggested as a polymer electrolyte membrane of the HT-PEMFC.…”