Nacre biomineralisation: A review on the mechanisms of crystal nucleation

Nudelman, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.004

Cited by 82 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Biochemical assays for Ps19 have shown it has chitin-binding abilities, which is a vital characteristic for interactions between shell matrix proteins and organic biomolecules to create a frame for calcium carbonate mineralization [5,26,46,47]. β-chitin is one of the main organic components of interlamellar nacre plates, and it is also considered as a possible nucleation site for aragonite sheets due to its interaction with other matrix proteins [48][49][50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ps19, a novel chitin binding protein from Pteria sterna capable to mineralize aragonite plates in vitro

Arroyo-Loranca¹,

Hernández-Saavedra²,

Hernández‐Adame³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Mollusk shell is composed of two CaCO 3 polymorphs (calcite and aragonite) and an organic matrix that consists of acetic acid-or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-soluble and insoluble proteins and other biomolecules (polysaccharides, β-chitin). However, the shell matrix proteins involved in nacre formation are not fully known. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize a novel protein from the acetic acid-insoluble fraction from the shell of Pteria sterna, named in this study as Ps19, to have a better understanding of the biomineralization process. Ps19 biochemical characterization showed that it is a glycoprotein that exhibits calcium-and chitin-binding capabilities. Additionally, it is capable of inducing aragonite plate crystallization in vitro. Ps19 partial peptide sequence showed similarity with other known shell matrix proteins, but it displayed similarity with proteins from Crassostrea gigas, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Biomphalaria glabrata, Alpysia californica, Lottia gigantea and Elysia chlorotica. The results obtained indicated that Ps19 might play an important role in nacre growth of mollusk shells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ps19, a novel chitin binding protein from Pteria sterna capable to mineralize aragonite plates in vitro

Arroyo-Loranca¹,

Hernández-Saavedra²,

Hernández‐Adame³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Molluscan shells are usually made of calcium carbonate and are covered by an organic matrix, the periostracum. While there remains little doubt about a common evolutionary origin of the conchiferan adult shell (teleoconch) that was inherited from a uni-shelled last common ancestor, several studies have revealed that the molecular underpinnings, in particular of bivalve and gastropod shells, are relatively complex (Jackson, Wörheide, & Degnan, 2007;Nudelmann, 2015) and show striking differences among taxa, even among species (Aguilera, McDougall, & Degnan, 2017). As such, it could be shown that a nacreous (mother of pearl) layer evolved multiple times both between but also within gastropods and bivalves (Jackson et al, 2010).…”

Section: (A) Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of molluscs

2018

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Molluscs are extremely diverse invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record, highly divergent life cycles, and considerable economical and ecological importance. Key representatives include worm-like aplacophorans, armoured groups (e.g. polyplacophorans, gastropods, bivalves) and the highly complex cephalopods. Molluscan origins and evolution of their different phenotypes have largely remained unresolved, but significant progress has been made over recent years. Phylogenomic studies revealed a dichotomy of the phylum, resulting in Aculifera (shell-less aplacophorans and multi-shelled polyplacophorans) and Conchifera (all other, primarily uni-shelled groups). This challenged traditional hypotheses that proposed that molluscs gradually evolved complex phenotypes from simple, worm-like animals, a view that is corroborated by developmental studies that showed that aplacophorans are secondarily simplified. Gene expression data indicate that key regulators involved in anterior-posterior patterning (the homeobox-containing Hox genes) lost this function and were co-opted into the evolution of taxon-specific novelties in conchiferans. While the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/decapentaplegic (Dpp) signalling pathway, that mediates dorso-ventral axis formation, and molecular components that establish chirality appear to be more conserved between molluscs and other metazoans, variations from the common scheme occur within molluscan sublineages. The deviation of various molluscs from developmental pathways that otherwise appear widely conserved among metazoans provides novel hypotheses on molluscan evolution that can be tested with genome editing tools such as the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein9) system.

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“…In most cases, the mineral building blocks in different shell structures consist of one of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) polymorphs, aragonite or calcite, and are joined together by an organic phase to form a large variety of three‐dimensional hierarchical architectures . Examples of the latter include: the prismatic structure, composed of calcitic columns, and the nacreous and crossed‐lamellar structures, made of aragonitic platelets or fibers, respectively ( Figure ). These biogenic mineral units have the morphology and crystallographic properties that are significantly different from the inorganically formed counterparts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

Zlotnikov

Schoeppler

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Over the years, molluscan shells have become an exemplar model system to study the process of mineral formation by living organisms, the process of biomineralization. Typically, the shells consist of a number of mineralized ultrastructural motifs, each exhibiting a specific mineral-organic composite architecture. These are made of calcium carbonate building blocks having a well-defined three-dimensional morphology that is significantly different from the shape of inorganically formed counterparts. Shell ultrastructures are known to form via a biologically controlled extracellular mineralization pathway in which the organism has no direct control over mineral formation. The cellular tissue, responsible for shell biomineralization, forms an organic framework and sets-up the physical conditions necessary for the deposition of a specific morphology, whereas the growth of the mineral part of the shell proceeds spontaneously via the process of self-assembly. In this feature article, the ability to employ thermodynamic models from classical materials science to describe the process of self-assembly and structural evolution of a variety of shell architectures is reviewed. Having the potential to offer an analytical framework to express ultrastructure formation in time and in space, these models not only provide a deeper insight into shell biomineralization, but also suggest tools for novel composite materials design.

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Nacre biomineralisation: A review on the mechanisms of crystal nucleation

Cited by 82 publications

References 69 publications

Ps19, a novel chitin binding protein from Pteria sterna capable to mineralize aragonite plates in vitro

Ps19, a novel chitin binding protein from Pteria sterna capable to mineralize aragonite plates in vitro

The evolution of molluscs

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

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