NaCl-induced hot corrosion of stainless steels

Shinata, Yutaka; Takahashi, Fujio; Hashiura, Kokichi

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(87)90404-6

Cited by 61 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite this disagreement, there is a consistent general trend in the data, namely the corrosion rate tended to decrease with a corresponding increase in the chromium content of the alloy (note the alloys are listed in terms of increasing chromium content). This trend is consistent with reported data from corrosion tests conducted in chloride-containing salts at temperatures below the corresponding FMT [63][64][65][66]74]. Note that although it is the highest relative corrosion rate of the alloys tested, the T91 corrosion rate of 0.06 mm/yr (2.4 mpy) is significantly lower than the minimum corrosion rate (0.3 mm/y) reported for corroded 347H tube bends in existing HT recovery boilers [79].…”

Section: Relative Corrosion Resistance and Alloy Suitabilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Based on a laboratory test, corrosion of stainless steel by active oxidation was found to be moderately dependent on temperature in a range from 550 to 650°C, and strongly dependent on temperatures at temperatures in excess of 650°C [73]. However, a recent study documenting the corrosion of high alloy superheater tubes in a waste-wood fluidized-bed boiler shows the critical temperature may be as low as 500°C for stainless steel [74]. As the literature points out, there are many critical factors that influence the corrosion resistance of superheater tube alloys, both above and below the FMT of a typical deposit in a HT/HP recovery boiler.…”

Section: Superheater Corrosion and Control In Next Generation Ht/hp Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report, Materials for Industrial Heat Recovery Systems, Tasks 3 and 4 Materials for Heat Recovery in Recovery Boilers

Keiser¹,

Kish²,

Singh³

et al. 2007

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Section: Relative Corrosion Resistance and Alloy Suitabilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Superheater Corrosion and Control In Next Generation Ht/hp Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report, Materials for Industrial Heat Recovery Systems, Tasks 3 and 4 Materials for Heat Recovery in Recovery Boilers

Keiser¹,

Kish²,

Singh³

et al. 2007

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“…A harmful influence of Cr on the corrosion resistance of several low-and high-Cr alloys induced by ZnCl 2 -KCl was also reported. 16 Furthermore, Shinata et al 18 found that increasing the chromium content of four stainless steels under NaCl deposits did not improve their corrosion resistance both above and below the melting point of NaCl. In an investigation of the hot-corrosion behavior of 10Cr9Mo and Inconel 625 induced by ZnCl 2 -KCl at 400°C Spiegel 12 found that during the first few hours the Ni-base alloy Inconel 625 (containing 22.2 wt.% Cr) corroded less than 10Cr9Mo.…”

Section: Effect Of Molten Chloridesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Corrosion of Three Commercial Steels Under ZnCl2 –KCl Deposits in a Reducing Atmosphere Containing HCl and H2S at 400–500°C

2007

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The corrosion of three commercial steels in a reducing atmosphere containing HCl plus H 2 S in the presence of ZnCl 2 -KCl deposits has been investigated at 400-500°C and compared with the corrosion of the same materials in a similar gas mixture free from H 2 S. The presence of H 2 S in the gas accelerated the corrosion of the three commercial steels beneath ZnCl 2 -KCl deposits. All materials suffered from severe corrosion with partial detachment and spalling of the external scales. Degradation of the steels resulted from the penetration of chlorine-containing species through the scale formed initially down to the metal matrix, because chorine-rich species were detected close to the alloy/ scale interface. Although the corrosion resistance generally increased with increasing Cr content, even the high-Cr stainless steel SS304 is still unable to provide good corrosion resistance against the ZnCl 2 -KCl deposits in the presence of H 2 S due to the bad adherence of the scales to the alloy. The mechanisms of attack are discussed on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and of the active-oxidation model.

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“…Además, ambos gases circulantes contenían 1.000 ppm de HCl(g) junto con varias concentraciones de O 2 (g), CO 2 (g), CO(g), N 2 (g), H 2 (g) y H 2 O(g). Los autores atribuyen sus resultados a la formación de sales fundidas de cloruros (p.ejem FeCl 2 ), las cuales pueden originar la disolución anódica del metal en las sales fundidas [27] . Otsuka y Kudo [38] sugieren que el Fe 2 O 3 (s) actúa como agente fundente en los cloruros fundidos que son los responsables de la corrosión en las incineradoras de residuos japonesas (Reacción (15)):…”

Section: Reacciones Debidas a Compuestos Clorados Fundidosunclassified

Review about corrosion of superheaters tubes in biomass plants

Labari¹,

Fernández-Carrasquilla²

2006

Rev. metal.

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ResumenEn el diseño de plantas de biomasa es muy importante tener en cuenta la temperatura del vapor para no tener problemas de corrosión. Esto, es debido al alto contenido de potasio y cloro que tienen la mayoría de los biocombustibles y, en especial, la paja de cereal. El objetivo de esta revisión es condensar el conocimiento actual sobre la corrosión de los sobrecalentadores a altas temperaturas provocada por compuestos clorados en plantas de biomasa. El cloro puede causar corrosión acelerada debido a la pérdida de metal del sobrecalentador, ataque interno y formación de capas de óxidos no adherentes. Los problemas de corrosión más severos en una caldera de biomasa se producen en los depósi-tos formados sobre los tubos sobrecalentadores. En la primera parte de esta revisión, se describen los mecanismos de corrosión propuestos en función de las condiciones de trabajo predominantes en la caldera. La segunda parte, se centra en revisar los estudios realizados para comprobar el comportamiento de los materiales mediante ensayos realizados en la caldera y en el laboratorio. En primer lugar, se describen las investigaciones realizadas sobre aleaciones convencionales y después las realizadas sobre las aleaciones desarrolladas en los últimos años y recubrimientos. Palabras claveCorrosión a altas temperaturas. Corrosión por depósitos. Corrosión gaseosa. Biomasa. Sobrecalentadores. Review about corrosion of superheaters tubes in biomass plants AbstractThe design of new biomass-fired power plants with increased steam temperature raises concerns of high-temperature corrosion. The high potassium and chlorine contents in many biomasses, specially in wheat straw, are potentially harmful elements with regard to corrosion. Chlorine may cause accelerated corrosion resulting in increased oxidation, metal wastage, internal attack, void formations, and loose non-adherent scales. The most severe corrosion problems in biomass-fired systems are expected to occur due to Cl-rich deposits formed on superheater tubes. In the first part of this revision the corrosion mechanism proposed are described in function of the conditions and compounds involved. The second part is focused on the behaviour of the materials tested so far in the boiler and in the laboratory. First the traditional commercial alloys are studied and secondly the new alloys and the coatings.

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NaCl-induced hot corrosion of stainless steels

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Final Report, Materials for Industrial Heat Recovery Systems, Tasks 3 and 4 Materials for Heat Recovery in Recovery Boilers

Final Report, Materials for Industrial Heat Recovery Systems, Tasks 3 and 4 Materials for Heat Recovery in Recovery Boilers

Corrosion of Three Commercial Steels Under ZnCl2 –KCl Deposits in a Reducing Atmosphere Containing HCl and H2S at 400–500°C

Review about corrosion of superheaters tubes in biomass plants

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