NA‐SWS‐1.1: A uniform database of teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements for North America

Liu, Kelly H.

doi:10.1029/2009gc002440

Cited by 49 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…This study also uses the SC method to analyze more data and thereby to enhance the reliability of results. The calculation methods, data selection, classification and analysis techniques applied here are in accordance with Liu et al [14]; more details and examples can be found elsewhere [31,32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy

Gao

2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Seismology) are compared with data from a temporary North China Seismic Array to obtain the background orientation of the horizontal crustal principal compressive stress at NE 95.1°±15.4° in North China. Data are corrected for disturbances of faults and irregular tectonics, and are used to constrain the fast SKS polarization at NE 110.2°±15.8° in North China. Individual station analyses suggests that there is consistently more than 10° difference between the polarizations of fast shear-wave in the crust and those of fast SKS phases. Azimuthally anisotropic phase velocities of Rayleigh waves at different periods also indicate an orientation change for fast velocity with depth. It suggests the crust-mantle coupling in North China follows neither the simple decoupling model nor the strong coupling model. Instead, it is possibly some inhomogeneous combination of two models or some gradual-change model of physical characteristics. This study shows that anisotropy in the crust and mantle could be multiply characterized more correctly and crust-mantle coupling could be analyzed further, if increasing near-field shear-wave splitting data that indicate crustal anisotropy, combined with the azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves, besides the result of SKS splitting travelling through lithosphere and surface GPS measurements. seismic anisotropy, crust-mantle coupling, polarization direction of fast shear-wave, shear-wave splitting, crustal principal compressive stress, North China Citation:Gao Y, Wu J, Yi G X, et al. Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy

Gao

2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…Manual checking was applied to each of the measurements. During the manual checking stage, the start and end times of the XKS window, the band-pass filtering parameters, and results of automatic ranking were visually verified, and adjusted if necessary to ensure reliable results (Liu, 2009). …”

Section: Xks Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seismograms were band-pass filtered with corner frequencies of 0.04 and 0.5 Hz which is the main frequency band of the XKS phases. Those with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) lower than 4.0 on the original radial component were not used for SWS analysis (see Liu and Gao, 2013 for the specific definition of the SNR).…”

Section: Xks Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, seismograms from earthquakes of magnitude 5.6 (which is reduced to 5.5 for events with a focus deeper than 100 km) or greater were extracted for SWS analysis, using the procedure described in Liu and Gao (2013), which was based on the minimization of transverse energy approach of Silver and Chan (1991). The epicentral distance range is 84-180 • , 120-180 • , and 90-180 • for SKS, PKS, and SKKS, respectively.…”

Section: Xks Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex seismic anisotropy beneath western Tibet and its geodynamic implications

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Savage and Silver 1993;Herquel et al 1999;Savage 1999;Rümpker et al 2003;Roy et al 2007), and observations of older crust and mantle lithosphere show "fossil" anisotropy (Babuška and Plomerová 2006). A recent compilation of data for seismic anisotropy in North America (Liu 2009) shows that most fast directions in shear-wave splitting are parallel with the modern direction of absolute plate motion, indicating that the source of the anisotropy is in the asthenosphere. Some sites of seismic anisotropy, however, have fast directions that are not parallel with absolute plate motion, suggesting that the source of the anisotropy may be in the mantle lithosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism for Tectonic Inheritance at Transform Faults of the Iapetan Margin of Laurentia

Thomas

2014

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Transform faults along the Iapetan rifted continental margin of Laurentia offset the continental rift and/or bound domains of oppositely dipping low-angle detachments. Rift-parallel and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems extend into continental crust inboard from the rifted margin. Ages of synrift igneous rocks, ranging from 765 to 530 Ma, document non-systematic diachroneity of rifting along the Iapetan margin. Synrift sedimentary accumulations show abrupt variations in thickness across transform faults, and some concentrations of synrift igneous rocks are distributed along transform faults and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems. The greatest thicknesses of Cambrian–Ordovician passive-margin shelf-carbonate deposits are along transform margins and in continental-margin basins along transform faults, as well as along transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems, indicating anomalously great post-rift thermal subsidence along transform faults. Along the Ordovician–Permian Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic belt, a diachronous array of synorogenic clastic wedges fills foreland basins, recording tectonic-load-driven flexural subsidence of the lithosphere. The greatest thicknesses of synorogenic clastic wedges of all ages are consistently in foreland basins along transform margins and inboard from intersections of transform faults with the rifted margin, indicating systematically weaker lithosphere along transform faults. The distinctive and pervasive properties and behaviour of the lithosphere along transform faults in successive tectonic settings suggest fundamental controls on tectonic inheritance at transform faults. Recent models for continental rifting incorporate ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere beneath brittle extension of the crust; the domain of ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere may reach significantly inboard from the rifted margin of the brittle crust, accounting for rift-parallel extensional faults in the crust inboard from the rifted margin. A transform offset of a rift in brittle crust requires a similar offset in ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere, leading to differential ductile flow on opposite sides of the transform and imparting a transform-parallel distributed-shear fabric. Transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere provides a mechanism for brittle transform-parallel fault systems in the continental crust. Studies of seismic anisotropy show fast directions parallel with transform faults, indicating systematic orientation of crystals through transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere.SOMMAIRELes failles transformantes le long de la marge continentale divergente japétienne de la Laurentie décalent le rift continental et/ou les domaines accrétés en des décollements à pendages opposés faibles. Des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles au rift, et parallèles à la transformation, pénètrent vers l’intérieur de la croûte continentale à partir de la marge de rift. Les âges des roches ignées syn-rift, entre 765 Ma et 530 Ma, témoignent d’une activité de rifting diachronique non-systématique le long de la marge japétienne. Des empilements sédimentaires syn-rifts montrent des variations abruptes d’épaisseur d’une faille transformante à l’autre, et des concentrations de roches ignées syn-rifts se répartissent le long des systèmes de failles transformantes et de failles intracratoniques parallèles. Les accumulations les plus épaisses de carbonates de plateforme de marge continentale passive se trouvent le long des marges de cisaillement et dans les bassins de marge continentale le long de failles transformantes, de même qu’au long des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles, évoquant une subsidence anormalement forte le long des failles transformantes. Le long de la bande orogénique ordovicienne-permienne Appalaches-Ouachita, une gamme diachronique de prismes clastiques synorogéniques remplit les bassins d’avant-pays, attestant d’une subsidence par flexure lithosphérique d’origine tectonique. Les plus grandes épaisseurs de prismes clastiques synorogéniques à tous les âges sont toujours situées dans les bassins d’avant-pays le long des marges transformantes, et vers l’intérieur, à partir des intersections des failles transformantes avec la marge de rift, indiquant une lithosphère systématiquement plus fragile le long des failles transformantes. Les propriétés particulières et le comportement généralisés de la lithosphère le long des failles transformantes dans les contextes tectoniques successifs sont la marque de contrôles fondamentaux sur l'héritage tectonique des failles transformantes. Les modèles récents de rifting continental comportent une extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique sous l’extension cassante de la croûte; le domaine d'extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique peut s’étendre significativement vers l’intérieur de la marge de divergence de la croûte cassante, d’où les failles d'extension parallèle au rift, à l’intérieur de la croûte de la marge de divergence. Un décalage de transformation de rift de la croûte comporte un décalage du même genre de l’extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique, ce qui implique un différentiel de flux ductile sur les bords opposés de la transformation, d’où cette fabrique d’extension parallèle à la transformation. L’extension parallèle à la transformation de la lithosphère mantellique fournit un mécanisme qui explique les systèmes de failles transformantes parallèles dans la croûte continentale. Les études de l’anisotropie sismique montre les grandes vitesses de propagation parallèles aux failles de transformations, ce qui indique une orientation systématique des cristaux induite par une extension répartie selon les cassures transformantes dans la lithosphère mantellique.

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NA‐SWS‐1.1: A uniform database of teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements for North America

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy

Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy

Complex seismic anisotropy beneath western Tibet and its geodynamic implications

A Mechanism for Tectonic Inheritance at Transform Faults of the Iapetan Margin of Laurentia

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