NA<sup>+</sup>+K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase in the osmoregulating clam Rangia cuneata

Saintsing, David G.; Towle, David W.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402060312

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the relative role of this organ in ion regulation; marine species produce isosmotic urine (Cameron & Batterton, 1978;Cameron, 1979), whereas the crayfish antennal gland has a demonstrated ability to reabsorb electrolytes from the primary filtrate against a concentration gradient (Table 2). Increased renal Na + /K + -ATPase activity has similarly been associated with Na + retention in the process of hypo-osmotic urine formation in other aquatic vertebrates (Saintsing & Towle, 1978;Towle et al 1982). A parallel can again be seen with land crabs, which also possess high antennal gland ATPase activity, although their urine is isosmotic.…”

Section: Distribution Of Transport Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Wheatly

Henry

1987

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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Haemolymph and urine electrolyte status and branchial and antennal gland activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were determined in the crayfish Padfastacus leniusculus after 3 weeks acclimation in fresh water (FW) and 350 and 750mosmolkg−1 sea water (SW). In FW the crayfish maintained haemolymph osmolality around 370 mosmol kg−1 due to hyperionic regulation of the major electrolytes. Involved in this are ion uptake mechanisms situated on the gills, and mechanisms of ion reabsorption from the primary urinary filtrate in the antennal gland (AG). Both of these processes are associated with high activities of Na+/K+- ATPase and CA. The two enzymes are uniformly distributed on gill sets 2–7, unlike the situation in euryhaline marine species. Additionally, activity levels of both enzymes are extremely high in the AG and can be correlated with the ability to produce a hypo-osmotic urine. In comparison, enzyme activity is negligible in marine species which produce isosmotic urine. Crayfish continued to hyperosmoregulate in 350 mosmolkg−1 SW. High levels of Na+/K+-ATPase confirmed the presence of a component active in the uptake of major electrolytes in the gills and also in the AG, where ion reabsorption persisted. In 750 mosmolkg−1 SW crayfish became isosmotic. Since ATPase is regulated chiefly by deactivation/activation of pre-existing enzyme, overall activity was mostly unchanged. CA activity was significantly reduced in both 350 and 750 mosmol kg−1 SW and correlated with the transition from osmoregulation to osmoconformity, suggesting that it is regulated primarily by deinduction/induction of new enzyme. The difference in the mechanism of regulation exhibited by these two enzymes is believed to relate to their subcellular distribution.

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Section: Distribution Of Transport Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Wheatly

Henry

1987

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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“…Although NKA activity was found in a range of tissues in the clam, Rangia cuneat (Saintsing and Towle, 1978), the highest activity was found in the mantle. NKA activity was also found to be highest in the mantle of the blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis , while in another bivalve, Scapharca inasquivalvis , it was highest in the gills (Borgatti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic and Amino Acid Regulation in Hard Clam (Meretrix lusoria) in Response to Salinity Challenges

2016

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Most marine mollusks are osmoconformers, in that, their body fluid osmolality changes in the direction of the change in environmental salinity. Marine mollusks exhibit a number of osmoregulatory mechanisms to cope with either hypo- or hyperosmotic stress. The effects of changes in salinity on the osmoregulatory mechanisms of the hard clam (Meretrix lusoria, an economically important species of marine bivalve for Taiwan) have not been determined. In this study, we examined the effect of exposure to hypo (10‰)- and hyper (35‰)-osmotic salinity on hard clams raised at their natural salinity (20‰). The osmolality, [Na+], and [Cl−] of the hard clam hemolymph were changed in the same direction as the surrounding salinity. Further, the contents of total free amino acids including taurine in the gills and mantles were significantly upregulated in hard clam with increasing salinity. The gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, the important enzyme regulating cellular inorganic ions, was not affected by the changed salinity. Mantle NKA activity, however, was stimulated in the 35‰ SW treatment. The taurine transporter (TAUT) is related to the regulation of intracellular contents of taurine, the dominant osmolyte. Herein, a TAUT gene of hard clam was cloned and a TAUT antibody was derived for the immunoblotting. The TAUT mRNA expression of the mantle in hard clam was significantly stimulated in 35‰ SW, but protein expression was not modulated by the changed salinity. In gills of the hard clam with 10‰ SW, both TAUT mRNA and protein expressions were significantly stimulated, and it may reflect a feedback regulation from the decreased gills taurine content under long-term hypoosmotic acclimation. These findings suggest that TAUT expression is regulated differently in gills and mantles following exposure to alterations in environmental salinity. Taken together, this study used the physiological, biochemical and molecular approaches to simultaneously explore the osmoregulation in tissues of hard clam and may further help to understand the osmoregulation in bivalves.

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“…The NKA belongs to the P-type ATPase family and is essential for the regulation of cell osmolality (Lang et al, 1998;Li and Langhans, 2015). Saintsing and Towle (1978) revealed that the acclimation of the Atlantic rangia Rangia cuneata, a freshwater bivalve, to a low-salinity environment was accompanied by an adaptive increase in NKA activity in the mantle. In the Pacific abalone, the NKA activity of both the gills and mantle was significantly upregulated after individuals were transferred from 30 to 40 SW, which is a hyperosmotic salinity (Jia and Liu, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) is a vital active transporter that transports Na + and K + into cells; its action provides a driving force for the secondary transport of other inorganic ions and modulates cellular osmolality (Morth et al, 2011;Toyoshima et al, 2011). Relatively abundant NKA activity has been detected in the gills and mantle of bivalves (Saintsing and Towle, 1978;Borgatti et al, 2003). The NKA activity in the mantle of the clam Rangia cuneata is induced under hyperosmotic conditions (Saintsing and Towle, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively abundant NKA activity has been detected in the gills and mantle of bivalves (Saintsing and Towle, 1978;Borgatti et al, 2003). The NKA activity in the mantle of the clam Rangia cuneata is induced under hyperosmotic conditions (Saintsing and Towle, 1978). Similarly, Borgatti et al (2003) reported that the mantle NKA activity of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was significantly lower in 24 seawater (SW) than in 33 SW; however, the gill NKA activity did not differ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Regulation of Ions and Amino Acids in Adult Asian Hard Clams Meretrix lusoria Upon Hyperosmotic Salinity

2021

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The dynamic regulation of ions and amino acids in the gills and mantle of the Asian hard clam, Meretrix lusoria, following the exposure to a hyperosmotic environment was hitherto unclear. The present study revealed that the osmolality as well as the Na+ and Cl– concentrations in the hemolymph were significantly increased 3 h after transferring the clams from an environment with the salinity of their natural habitat (brackish water; BW; 20‰) to one with hyperosmotic salinity (seawater; 35‰). In addition, we found that the specific activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, a key enzyme that plays a significant role in cell osmoregulation, in the gills and mantle of clams were significantly increased at 72 and 12 h post-transfer, respectively, during acclimation to hyperosmotic salinity. Similarly, the contents of free amino acids (FAAs) such as taurine, alanine, and glycine were significantly elevated during hyperosmotic salinity acclimation. Previous research indicates that taurine is the most abundant FAA in the gills and mantles of Asian hard clams and that the taurine transporter (TAUT) plays an important role in taurine accumulation. The present study showed that TAUT mRNA and protein expression were significantly and transiently increased in the mantle of Asian hard clams following exposure to seawater; although the expression of TAUT mRNA in the gills of Asian hard clams was also transiently stimulated by exposure to hyperosmotic salinity, the relative TAUT protein abundance decreased only at later stages. Accordingly, the findings of this study improve our understanding of the dynamic processes of ion and amino acid regulation in the peripheral tissues of bivalves under hyperosmotic stress.

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NA⁺+K⁺‐ATPase in the osmoregulating clam Rangia cuneata

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Ionic and Amino Acid Regulation in Hard Clam (Meretrix lusoria) in Response to Salinity Challenges

Dynamic Regulation of Ions and Amino Acids in Adult Asian Hard Clams Meretrix lusoria Upon Hyperosmotic Salinity

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NA++K+‐ATPase in the osmoregulating clam Rangia cuneata

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Branchial and Antennal Gland Na+/K+-Dependent ATPase and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity During Salinity Acclimation of the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus

Ionic and Amino Acid Regulation in Hard Clam (Meretrix lusoria) in Response to Salinity Challenges

Dynamic Regulation of Ions and Amino Acids in Adult Asian Hard Clams Meretrix lusoria Upon Hyperosmotic Salinity

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NA⁺+K⁺‐ATPase in the osmoregulating clam Rangia cuneata