Na₂V₆O₁₆·3H₂O Barnesite Nanorod: An Open Door to Display a Stable and High Energy for Aqueous Rechargeable Zn-Ion Batteries as Cathodes

Abstract

Owing to their safety and low cost, aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are currently more feasible for grid-scale applications, as compared to their alkali counterparts such as lithium- and sodium-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs), for both aqueous and nonaqueous systems. However, the materials used in ARZIBs have a poor rate capability and inadequate cycle lifespan, serving as a major handicap for long-term storage applications. Here, we report vanadium-based Na2V6O16·3H2O nanorods employed as a positive electrode for ARZIBs, which display superior electrochemical Zn storage properties. A reversible Zn2+-ion (de)­intercalation reaction describing the storage mechanism is revealed using the in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. This cathode material delivers a very high rate capability and high capacity retention of more than 80% over 1000 cycles, at a current rate of 40C (1C = 361 mA g–1). The battery offers a specific energy of 90 W h kg–1 at a specific power of 15.8 KW kg–1, enlightening the material advantages for an eco-friendly atmosphere.

Mechanistic Investigation of a Hybrid Zn/V2O5 Rechargeable Battery with a Binary Li+/Zn2+ Aqueous Electrolyte

“…Recently, attractive results have been achieved with the hydrated bronze Zn 0.25 V 2 O 5 ⋅ n H 2 O, which exhibits a capacity close to 300 mA h g −1 , fast rate capability, and long cycle life . On the basis of this pioneering work, studies have been extended to hydrated compounds such as V 2 O 5 ⋅ n H 2 O, V 3 O 7 ⋅ H 2 O, V 10 O 24 ⋅ 12 H 2 O, Mg x V 2 O 5 ⋅ n H 2 O, K 2 V 6 O 16 ⋅ 2.7 H 2 O, Ca 0.25 V 2 O 5 ⋅ n H 2 O, Na 2 V 6 O 16 ⋅ 3 H 2 O, and Fe 5 V 15 O 39 (OH) ⋅ 9.9 H 2 O . Anhydrous phases such as VO 2 , Zn 2 V 2 O 7 , NH 4 V 4 O 10 , potassium vanadates, and LiV 3 O 8 have also been investigated.…”

Dendrite Growth Suppression by Zn2+‐Integrated Nafion Ionomer Membranes: Beyond Porous Separators toward Aqueous Zn/V2O5 Batteries with Extended Cycle Life

“…Compared with the previously known Zn/MnO 2 nonrechargeable aqueous batteries based on corrosive alkaline electrolytes, discussions regarding the aforementioned system have dominated research in recent years. This has opened up new challenges as well as opportunities in the realization of more efficient aqueous ZIBs (AZIBs) with a variety of other cathode materials . Although other chemistries based on Al/Al 3+ and Mg/Mg 2+ have been proposed, the Zn/Zn 2+ systems are considered to be the leading candidate due to the high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g −1 ), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs standard hydrogen electrode [SHE]), natural abundance, and low cost of Zn metal …”

Free‐Standing Hydrated Sodium Vanadate Papers for High‐Stability Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…In the search of promising materials, inspiration can also be taken from hydrated alkali-metal vanadium oxide bronzes with layered structures where a combination of the interlayer metal ions and structural water can act as pillar to stabilize the structure by providing electrostatic shielding for intercalating cation and facilitate charge transfer by mobilizing cation migration. [10] In this family, barnesite Na 2 V 6 O 16 · 3H 2 O that features layered framework of V 3 O 8 layers and interstitial hydrated Na + ions ticks all the right boxes for facile intercalation of divalent Zn 2 + ions.[a] Dr.…”