N9-substituted aromatic cytokinins with negligible side effects on root development are an emerging tool for in vitro culturing

Plíhal, Ondřej; Szüčová, Lucie; Galuszka, Petr

doi:10.4161/psb.24392

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Metabolic analysis with radioactively labelled 3MeOBAP9THP has revealed that the THP group can be slowly eliminated in vivo and its application indeed results in a significantly lower total content of inactive glucosides than treatments with unprotected 3MeoBAP [ 41 ]. In a study published the following year, the effects of 3MeOBAP9THP, 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (3MeOBAP9THF), and 3MeOBAP on root elongation were compared [ 48 ]. 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine had a much weaker inhibitory effect than 3MeOBAP, but its ability to compete with tritium-labelled tZ for the activation site of the A. thaliana CRE1/AHK4 receptor in competitive receptor tests was comparable to that of 3MeOBAP [ 48 ].…”

Section: Non-sugar N9-substituted Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, CKs can also be substituted at several other positions of the purine ring, such as N1, C2, N3, N7, C8, and N9 [ 47 ]. All substitutions significantly influenced CK activity, but several N9-substituted CKs had no negative effects on root elongation, which was attributed to prevention of irreversible formation of 9-glucosides [ 48 ]. Here, we review current knowledge on O-, N7-, and N9-glucosides, L- and D-ribosides, D-arabinosides, deoxy-D-ribosides and other sugar CK conjugates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

et al. 2020

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Cytokinins and their sugar or non-sugar conjugates are very active growth-promoting factors in plants, although they occur at very low concentrations. These compounds have been identified in numerous plant species. This review predominantly focuses on 9-substituted adenine-based cytokinin conjugates, both artificial and endogenous, sugar and non-sugar, and their roles in plants. Acquired information about their biological activities, interconversions, and metabolism improves understanding of their mechanisms of action and functions in planta. Although a number of 9-substituted cytokinins occur endogenously, many have also been prepared in laboratories to facilitate the clarification of their physiological roles and the determination of their biological properties. Here, we chart advances in knowledge of 9-substituted cytokinin conjugates from their discovery to current understanding and reciprocal interactions between biological properties and associated structural motifs. Current organic chemistry enables preparation of derivatives with better biological properties, such as improved anti-senescence, strong cell division stimulation, shoot forming, or more persistent stress tolerance compared to endogenous or canonical cytokinins. Many artificial cytokinin conjugates stimulate higher mass production than naturally occurring cytokinins, improve rooting, or simply have high stability or bioavailability. Thus, knowledge of the biosynthesis, metabolism, and activity of 9-substituted cytokinins in various plant species extends the scope for exploiting both natural and artificially prepared cytokinins in plant biotechnology, tissue culture, and agriculture.

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Section: Non-sugar N9-substituted Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

et al. 2020

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“…ZEA, a naturally occurring cytokinin, is rarely used, probably due to its cost. Moreover, ZEA has one major disadvantage when compared with aromatic cytokinins -it is susceptible to fast oxidative degradation (Plíhal et al, 2013). The average number of shoots/explant in this experiment was significantly higher on medium containing BAP (PM1) (2.0) than on medium containing ZEA (PM2) (1.4) ( Table 5, B).…”

Section: Axillary Shoot Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of morphological and chemical characteristics and micropropagation of traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties in Croatia

Lodeta

Vujević

Žanetić

et al. 2019

JCEA

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Traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties are known for their adaptability to different climates and a wide range of soil types, and some for resistance to the main diseases. Their evaluation and preservation are very important, not only for restoration of traditional orchards, but also as a source of genetic material for breeding new varieties. Micropropagation of the most valuable varieties could be a way to propagate plants for restoration of traditional orchards, or as a prerequisite for ex situ long-term conservation through cryopreservation. Fruit samples were taken from trees 50 or more years old, of 13 traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties in Bjelovar Bilogora County in Croatia. Morphological traits of the fruits were evaluated during 3 years, and chemical characteristics (soluble solids, reducing sugars, acids and total phenol content) were evaluated during one vegetation year. Tissue culture was established from shoot apices approximately 1 mm in size isolated from buds of 1-year-old scion woods. Axillary branching was induced from two types of explants on MS medium with the addition of 2% glucose, 1% sucrose, 0.1 g*L −1 myo-inositol, 0.8% agar, 0.2 mg*L −1 gibberelic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg*L −1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.5 mg*L −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in proliferation medium 1 (PM1) or 2 mg*L −1 zeatin (ZEA) in proliferation medium 2 (PM2). The morphological characteristics of the traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties mentioned were not different from their standard values. Average fruit weight (AFW), average fruit height (AFH) and average fruit diameter (AFD) were less than standard values, which can be explained by the age of the fruit trees. Principal component analysis of these traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties showed that fruit Original scientific paper

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“…Upon the first cytokinin receptor discovery (Inoue et al, 2001;Suzuki et al, 2001), specific assay systems based on ligand-receptor interaction in vitro and in vivo (Spíchal et al, 2004;Romanov et al, 2005;Romanov and Lomin, 2009;Stolz et al, 2011;Lomin et al, 2015) were developed. Among BA derivatives studied in these assays, many represented BA or BA ribosides with substituents in phenyl ring (Doležal et al, 2006(Doležal et al, , 2007Szücová et al, 2009;Podlešáková et al, 2012;Plíhal et al, 2013) alone or together with substituents at position 9 of adenine moiety (Szücová et al, 2009;Podlešáková et al, 2012;Plíhal et al, 2013). In addition, 9-substituted 2-chloro-BA ribosides (Vylíčilová et al, 2016) and 8-substituted BA (Zahajská et al, 2017) were recently studied in various assay systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin activity ofN⁶-benzyladenine derivatives assayed by interaction with the receptorsin planta, in vitro, andin silico

Savelieva

Oslovsky

Karlov

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Individual cytokinin receptors from Arabidopsis were assayed in planta, in vitro and in silico with 25 different 6-benzyladenine derivatives, new receptor-specific cytokinins were revealed.not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/241281 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/241281 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. and its ability to activate the same receptor in planta were evaluated for each AHK protein.Interaction patterns between individual receptors and ligands were rationalized by structure analysis and molecular docking in sensory modules of AHK receptors. The best correlation between docking scores and specific binding was observed for AHK3. In addition, receptorspecific ligands have been discovered with unique properties to predominantly activate or block distinct cytokinin receptors. These ligands are promising for practical application and as molecular tools in the study of the cytokinin perception by plant cells.not peer-reviewed)

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N9-substituted aromatic cytokinins with negligible side effects on root development are an emerging tool for in vitro culturing

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

Evaluation of morphological and chemical characteristics and micropropagation of traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties in Croatia

Cytokinin activity ofN⁶-benzyladenine derivatives assayed by interaction with the receptorsin planta, in vitro, andin silico

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N9-substituted aromatic cytokinins with negligible side effects on root development are an emerging tool for in vitro culturing

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back

Evaluation of morphological and chemical characteristics and micropropagation of traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties in Croatia

Cytokinin activity ofN6-benzyladenine derivatives assayed by interaction with the receptorsin planta, in vitro, andin silico

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Cytokinin activity ofN⁶-benzyladenine derivatives assayed by interaction with the receptorsin planta, in vitro, andin silico