In this work, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have systematically explored the NBs (NBs = A, T, C, G, and U) adsorption on boron‐rich BNNTs with antisite boron atom compared with pristine BNNTs. It is found that the excess boron atom of boron‐rich BNNTs greatly enhances the strength of BN system to adsorb NBs, and the NBs are favor to covalently bond to boron atom of BN system. Especially, the interaction between BN system and NBs is not only derived from the covalent BN or BO bond, but also partly due to the generated NH···N hydrogen bond. The charge transfer from NBs to BN system and the changes of energy gap demonstrate that the electronic structure of BN system is altered by NBs adsorption. The results indicate that the boron‐rich BNNTs are a superior candidate compared to the pristine BNNTs to adsorb NBs. It is expected that this results will provide a useful guide to develop novel boron nitride nanomaterials for adsorption and application of NBs.