N–TiO 2 -coated polyester filters for visible light—Photocatalytic removal of gaseous toluene under static and dynamic flow conditions

Comparing Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Ethylbenzene Using N-doped and Pure TiO2 Nano-Catalysts Coated on Glass Beads under Both UV and Visible Light Irradiation

“…The major O1s peak at the binding energy of 529.7 is originated from the Ti-O bonds in the TiO 2 lattice and the middle peak at binding energy of 530.9 eV could be attributed to titanium oxynitride phase, while the other minor peak at 532.8 eV can be assigned to the surface adventitious species such as oxygen in carbonate, hydroxides and water adsorbed on the catalyst surface during the sample characterization [18,33]. The deconvolution of N1s region in Figure 6c indicated two peaks at the binding energies of 399.1 eV and 401.7 eV which the first one at 399.1 eV could be ascribed to the N atoms located at the interstitial sites of the TiO 2 lattice as the Ti-O-N and/or Ti-N-O bonds [19,34,35] and the peak at 401.7 eV could be attributed to the nitrogen atoms that molecularly chemisorbed on the sample [18,33]. The atomic percentage of nitrogen content obtained by XPS analysis was 5.6%.…”

“…They reported that when the flow rate became four times greater, the ethylbenzene degradation efficiency decreased from 100% to 38% due to insufficient mass transfer as a result of the short residence time [37]. Besides, the carbon dioxide as a final product of VOCs photocatalytic reactions [13,18] was measured in the photoreactor. Figure 11 shows the CO 2 production by photocatalysis using N-doped TiO 2 catalysts against the ethylbenzene inlet load entering the reactor.…”

“…This treatment may also reduce the recombination of produced electron-hole pairs leading to a higher photocatalytic activity [15][16][17]. Nitrogen-doped TiO 2 , showing a remarkable red shift from the UV to the visible range, is one of the most extensively investigated anion-doped TiO 2 which serves as an outstanding visible light sensitive photocatalyst and also nitrogen is an eco-friendly element if increased in the environment by human pollution compared with some common metal dopants [18][19][20]. Moreover, in addition to the modification of TiO 2 nanoparticles as a pivotal necessity for increasing the photo-activity, the photoreactor is of high importance too [21].…”

Boron-doped TiO2 (B-TiO2) Thin Films Grown Using Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method

“…Due to the high thermal stability and low carrier recombination centres of nonmetals doped TiO 2 nanostructures, there has been an explosion of concern in TiO 2 doping with non-metal ions: N, C, S, F, P, I, and B, that has been explored to boost and enhance separation of photogenerated charges in TiO 2 under ultraviolet or visible light [4,11,14]. The use of these anionic dopants leads to band gap narrowing or formation of localised mid-band gap states, which effectively extends the absorption threshold of titania into the visible region and causing physical and chemical changes in the particles [15]. Doping TiO 2 with B can extend the spectral response of TiO 2 to visible region and thus can improve its visible light photocatalytic activity, and promotes photogenerated electronhole separation [4,[16][17].…”

Visible-light driven photo-activity study : m-BiVO4 based nano-particles and thin film

“…The O1s spectra consisted of one intense O 1s peak at 530.1 eV and another soft peak at 532 eV. The intense peak was attributed to lattice oxygen, while the soft peak was normally due to adventitious species at surfaces that was inevitably found in ambient environment, such as adsorbed water bonds (OH ads ) and carbonate species (C-O, C=O) [149]. XPS spectra of Bi, V and O double confirmed that BiVO 4 with correct stoichiometry was synthesized mechanochemically by high energy ball-milling and with post anneal treatment.…”