“…However, it has a short in vivo half-life, resulting in frequent injection and low patient compliance ( Akizawa et al, 1995 ). To overcome these problems, the long-acting technologies such as polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation) ( Wu et al, 2015 ), protein fusion ( Xu et al, 2015 ; Do et al, 2017 ), and new dosage forms technologies ( Kim and Park, 2004 ) have been used for the development of long-acting rhG-CSF. Among these technologies, PEGylation is one of the most successful methods, and several PEGylation rhG-CSF products (e.g., Pegfilgrastim ( Piedmonte and Treuheit, 2008 )) have been approved for clinical use.…”